Abortion Essay example -- essays research papers

Abortion has been and free is one of the most controversial topics in American culture. The reason for the leaning is the different viewpoints of this very personal matter. Some believe that miscarriage is the aforesaid(prenominal) as murder. Others believe its a personal choice which wholly they own the well(p) to make. Due to the nature of the bit and the concerns associated with ending a pregnancy, abortion depart continue to top the list of touchy subjects in American politics and culture. As a pro-choice advocate, it is important for the right to bring on an abortion to be established and defended.An abortion is the termination of a pregnancy. The most common abortion procedure is the vacuum aspiration or suck curettage. This is performed during the basic trimester of a pregnancy. The physician leave behind then stepwise widen (dilate) the cervix. When the cervix has been dilated to the width appropriate for your stage of pregnancy, the physician allow insert a small thermionic tube (cannula) which is attached to a suction machine. The machines suction empties the contents of the uterus through the tubeThe entire procedure takes just a few minutes. On the other hand, the most controversial abortion procedure is the Partial-Birth abortion. This procedure, performed past the branch trimester, has been banned in many states, including New York. the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act, bush-league administration lawyers said the procedure was never medically necessary to protect a charrs health and caused undue pain to the fetus, making the procedure inhumane. (2) The procedure is also known as dilation and extraction, or D& adenylic acidX, and dilation and evacuation, or D&E. In a fixture D&E abortion performed in the second trimester, a patients cervix is dilated and the fetus is dismembered and removed by forceps. (3) In 1973 abortion was legalized in the coupled States. In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme mash ruled that it was unconstitut ional to forbid a woman to have an abortion during her first trimester of her pregnancy. The Court also ruled that second trimester abortion was to be regulated by the state and only when the Womans health was at risk. This stopping point was a big step in the fight for women equality in the United States. It gave women the right to decide when or whether or not to give-up the ghost a mother. This was unheard of before. Before Roe v. Wade, women were having illegal... ... away with passing this first act it is only a matter of time before abortion is banned all together. This will mean a step okay for all women in the fight for equal right in the United States.      What will happen if it is banned all together? Well for starters, the invest of illegal abortions will be reinstated in the country. Young girls will go to these doctor and put their lives in their hands not knowing on the button what the outcome will be, because as with any illegal practice it will not be performed in a safe environment. It will not be followed up with proper medical attention. As a result, women will die. They will be forced to put their lives and their relationships with their families at risk. It will no longer be a personal matter or a private choice because once a woman who is afraid to have an illegal abortion and instead keeps an unwanted child will have to deal with the consequences. This might lead to losing a job, dropping out of enlighten or even becoming mentally and emotionally unstable. I am pro-choice. I want my rights protected and I believe every woman whether she is pro-choice or pro-life will appreciate at least(prenominal) having a choice.

Cause of Homosexuality Essay -- Gay Lesbian Homosexual Papers

What exactly is a transgendered? It is a individual land upually attracted to a person of their own sex. Why do mountain shape homosexuals? This is a question that has been asked ever since the premiere homosexual person came out of the closet. populate do non choose to become homosexuals. There has never been a proven speculation of why people become homosexuals. There argon three theories that try to explain why people become homosexuals, they are the Biological theory, Psychiatric theory, and the sociological theory.(Thio, 211) The Biological theory is broken complicate into three different parts. The first one is the hormone theory which states that homosexual men have a low take aim of male sex hormones and a homosexual female have a low level of female sex hormones.(IBID, 211) the second one is the genetic theory. The genetic theory states that people are born gay and society only helps their quirkiness advance. Researchers announced that there is hithe rto a gay gene.(Nardo, 66) The break Biological theory is the brain theory. The brain theory states that a person who has a smaller brain is most likely going to be gay.(Thio, 211) The Psychiatric theory has evolved through many different thoughts about what is homosexuality. At first, psychiatrists thought that it was a mental illness. After it was proven not to be an illness many assumed that homosexuals were going through sexual orientation course disturbance. Psychiatrists helped gays to accept themselves as being homosexuals. Another psychiatric theory was that homosexuals had a bad parent-son relationship when they were growing up.(IBID) The last theories are the Sociological theories. Sociological theories state that society affects a persons sexual preference. The biological predisp... ...ause he was not open about his sexuality.(www6) The same thing happened with Ellen DeGeneres. She was famous and she came out of the closet. She was the first gay leading cha racter in a series. Her ratings were high even though having a gay leading character was unusual. As people were overexposed to it her ratings dropped and her show ended.(www4)My thesis was wrong because teenage boys do not become homosexuals because of the nurturing of society. The nurturing of society helps the teens with a biological predisposition decide whether they want to have a bun in the oven themselves freely or hide themselves to avoid humiliation. In the case of Anne Heche since her find died because he kept his sexuality a secret she decided not to keep hers a secret. Also, because the school that Greg went to accepted homosexuality he felt up more open to expose his sexuality.(Nardo, 72)

How Groups Can Influence People in Negative and Positive Ways Essay

How multitudes ordure influence commonwealth in contradict and in positive ways. By definition a base is a number of people who atomic number 18 regarded as a unit. They atomic number 18 united by a divided interest or belief, be that religion, sport, or politics. All groups puddle their exact got indistinguishability, we as people have multiple ones. From a friendly perspective, an single is often delimitated by who they ar and what they do a parent, a child or a friend, and by what line of work or study they are in.Cultural identity is defined by ethnicity, and group identity comes from having a sensation of starting, having a them and us mentality. This bear witness will look at how different powers and identities bum influence loving behaviour when expireing to a group, both in a negative and a positive way. Tajfel and Turner (1979, cited in spoors et al. , 2011) developed the social identity theory, a theory that describes how belonging to a group pass wat ers a substantive split in the someone group instalments self-concept. Having a we rather than an I concept.They suggest in that respect are three mark stages to joining a group. The first being social categorisation this is for the individual to be given a label Christian, gay, snob, Geordie, disabled are a few casefuls. The next stage is social identification where the individual takes on the groups characteristics and becomes defined by the groups behaviour. The last-place stage is social comparison members of a group view it from a positive point of view, often forming an elevated opinion of the group they belong to.People can take on defined roles when involved in group activity influence on these roles can be from observant new(prenominal) members of the groups behaviour, or a personal office of the defining role. Zimbardo (1971, cited in spoors et al. , 2011) conducted an experiment to determine how roles within a group can influence peoples behaviour. During the ex periment participants were given a guard or a prisoner role. The experiment ended untimely as participants took their roles to extremes, guards became increasingly aggressive, and prisoners became withdrawn and emotionally distressed.This could be an example of how peoples expectations of a role they have no experience in can influence behaviour. They may have been influenced by other members actions, or by a stereotypical character visualised by the media, leadinging them to have behaved negatively and out of character. Kondo (1990 cited in spoors et al. , 2011) is a Japanese/American student. In her personal account of financial backing in Japan, she writes how she finds the roles and expectations of her by the Japanese family she is staying with became quite challenging and disturbing.She felt her avouch identity was slowly being replaced with the obligation to act appropriately to whichever role she was playing, be it guest, daughter, student or a Japanese woman. During a t raditionalistic tea ceremony Kondo received high praise from her Japanese t each(prenominal)er for her performance. She states she was inordinately pleased by the praise but did feel she had to drop before she changed completely, this shows both negative and positives to social residency. Kondo feeling pressured into conforming to distinguish standards and rules can also apply to some group behaviour.In 1997 the enlightenments gate cult lost thirty nine members to jam suicide. They believed their souls would be transferred to a spaceship. These members may have become too open on the group, maybe so fearful of their leaders to not go ahead, or the adept of belonging and comfort they felt being part of the group they had such conviction in their beliefs they carried the suicide through. This is group conformity to the extreme, and in this case had a negative outcome, but some form of conformity is necessary in society so it can be a benefit to the majority.Belonging to a group can lead to an in-group out-group culture. With groups being defined and identified by their roles, beliefs and behaviour, comparisons are often do between one groups identity and others, be it sports teams, gangs, social groups, religion, or different cultures. Having an inflated opinion of the individuals group can push them to view any other group as inferior this can lead to competition and conflict between groups. A good example of a them and us site is the robbers cave experiment conducted by Sherif (1961 cited in spoors et al. 2011) A group of boys staying at summer camp were split into 2 groups, and a tournament was set up. The good sportsmanship of the group quickly false into aggression and prejudice. Although once given tasks where the two groups had to work together, they boys worked positively and cooperated with each other. In-group traits can occur even where there is no history of occasion between the groups involved. Taifel (1971 cited in spoors et al. , 2011) conducted an experiment where a virtual group situation was set up.Participants were given a task believing they were part of a group, but were in fact working as an individual. In-group favouritism was hush present. Loyalty and cooperation is a positive outcome for the in-group mentality, but it has its negative traits in the hostility and aggression it can provoke towards the out-group. Emotional values are given to the individual depending on the behaviour of the group anti-social behaviour would define them in a negative way, just as being seen to belong to a good kind or charitable group would have a positive emotional effect on the individual. To conclude, evidence shows there are many positives to belonging to a group. The individual gains a sense of identity, both within the group and in society. Self-esteem, self-worth and sense of belonging are increased. Close bonds are formed with others who share similar characteristics. Having an elevated sense of status within the g roup can lead to positive behaviour. self-assurance is increased due to a feeling of safety. Support, praise and encouragement from other group members have a positive impact on behaviour. there are also many negative aspects to group behaviour, members may be influenced to behave out of character from their usual identity through irresponsible methods within the group dynamic, in some cases separating the group entirely from authoritative behaviour within society. Prejudice, violence and discrimination can also be a result of the us and them situation. The heavens gate example could be viewed as both positive and negative, depending on the perspective, the group members and society would have conflicting views.

Why I Deserve a Raise

Persuade your employer that you need a heaving One of the most important things of my life right instanter is my commercial enterprise because without a job I fagt suck up c be of my family. I am some nonpareil who works with you to achieve your vision and company goals while at the same beat wipe out the corporate trust to make suggestions on improvements and better ways to do things. I am loyal, a good communicator, great with customers, good ph one(a) manner, flexible and committed to get the job done. I understand that you atomic number 18 human and from time to time willing lose it, make mistakes and take a crap a mischievousness day but I know not to take it personally as you will back me to the hilt.I dont abuse your generosity and you know you nookie trust me. I am honest, flexible and focused. I appreciate I have shown postal code but dedication to this job since Ive been sedulous by this company. I think I have shown this by doing every(prenominal) job that you have asked me to do. Ive never grumbled or complained about anything you asked me to do even if at times I smell that it was irrelevant. Even though we have a great personal relationship I palliate respect your authority, because Im a firm believer that you thronet mix business and pleasure. I think I contribute value to this company and I bring excellent quality to this job.I go beyond the requirements of my job description. I act on my own beginning(a) and make improvements in the day to day work of the organization. No the changes are not earth-shattering, but simple changes which increase efficiency or free money or time makes a big difference to our company. I am someone with passion, who takes ownership, and always acts in the best interests of this company and its stakeholders. I have never been late for work and although I have a big family at home waiting for me I will retard over whenever Im needed.I think I am exceptionally good at my job. I am very enthus ed about my job, I enjoy my job and I am motivated to get the results that you are looking for. Im the type of person that doesnt sagaciousness you delegating jobs to me. If Im at the job I wish to work, so I stay busy. Most of the time you dont have to tell me to do something, If I see it need doing I do it. I also catch on very unshakable so whatever you tell me to do all you have to do is show me one time how to do it and I will do from then on. When you tell me to do something specifically, I make sure that I get to it.I prioritize and do whats most important first. I think I show a great deal of leaders qualities. Showing these qualities cannot be done without working well with others and having a corroboratory attitude. I am friendly and I always make an childbed to get along with my co-workers. Even if at that place are people in the place of employment where I dont get along with I keep my personal feelings to myself. I respect my co-workers as individuals with ludicr ous ideas. I can take constructive criticism from anybody if it helps get the job done.I tell the truth even when the news is bad. I have never argued with you or any of my co-workers. I believe in agreeing to disagree and respecting everyones opinion. I am a team player, pleasant and respectful towards everyone I encounter. Having great attendance and being on time shows that I have numerous other great personal attributes such(prenominal) as demo leadership qualities, and working hard. When I am given a task, I do a good job and see the task through and through to completion. I am responsible for my own actions and the work that I produce.I am always the first one on the job and the last one to leave, because I believe in being prepared, not getting there at the last minute in case there is a problem that needs to be resolved. A lot of other workers grapple in late or right on time that will not give them time to handle a situation if one occurs. I also always try to schedule m y personal matters such as my doctors appointments later on office hours. I think Im obligated to give my all into my job and nothing should come between that. I keep the customer first. Anything that I can do to please the customer thats what I will do.I am grateful for the opportunity to work for your company and I enjoy doing so. I hope you agree that in the 5 years I have worked for you, Ive become an integral member of your team and accomplished many company goals. However I am still working on the initial salary on which we agreed upon 5 years ago. As I recall we also agreed to renegotiate my salary after five years based on my accomplishments and that time has come. In set out of my accomplishments and as per our agreement, Im respectfully requesting an immediate pay raise of 6 percent and as stated earlier I feel that I am eligible for this raise.

Satanism

friction matchism whitethorn getify an nonionic smell system or religion much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the perform of daimon. It may be seen however as a vague and dramatized concept of perfect insurgence against western sandwich norms and conventions such as the so-c wholeed the Tempterism exhibited by whatsoever rock musicians. It may be a mythological sign of medieval religious thinking that still lingers in contemporary clippings. It may alike be a deviant practice used to dart and control others by means of ritual abuse (Francis poof, 1989b). If friction matchism is linked with ritual abuse, angiotensin-converting enzyme croup also say with assurance that not on the whole ritual abuse is friction matchic.Many of these abusive occurrences reserve been present in societies or under conditions where friction match is not a renowned apparitional or demonic entity. In earlier times, it was not uncommon for Western scholars and travelers to whatevertimes a ttribute the influence of ogre to primitive religious practices, which to them appe ard to be idolatrous or violent. eveningn now, angiotensin converting enzyme occasion everyy hears the concept that if something is not Christian, it is the effect of fiends power or seductiveness. The predecessors of diabolism prat be rig in ancient religions in which gods were worshipped, not because of their intrinsic trueness, but as of their perceived power.For example, the ancient Greek and Ro reality gods were such an amoral grouping of deities. fewer showed firearmy venerable character traits. These gods were often represented with all the foibles and veniality of stainless mortals. Many of the cults dedicated to such gods and goddesses allegedly involved traumatizing rituals (e. g. , the mystery cults). On the other hand, some religions particularly worshipped and supplicated obviously plague deities. In other cases, what appears to be the adoration of an wretched deity may ev idently symbolize the worship of a unearthly entity that no longer enjoys privileged status? there are examples in history in which a cultures demons were in fact past divinities, no longer revered, and sometimes habituated new and less striking roles. Such revolutions amongst the gods sometimes resulted from conquests, whereupon the new gods of the conquerors fuck off the place formerly held by the gods of the conquered. In other instances, evil can be revered or worshipped outright. In cultures in which Christianity is naturalised one big businessman presume that the worship of evil would involve some devotion to Lucifer or monster, the primary names given to the Euro-American spiritual depiction of evil.To many traditional Christians, Satan and Lucifer are join but different names for the same demon. However, numerous theologians make the specialty that Lucifer is the name of Satan before his fall. The origins of Satanism are positively as obscure as any other occult im pression system. protagonist can never be specifically certain when such practices started. Yet, some of the historical accounts of Satanism in Europe may excuse some of the evolution of thinking rough Satanism. The history of Satanism can be traced to a conversion of possible sources (1) European witchcraft, sorcery, and shamanism, (2) Gnostic-derived religions (e. . , the Cathari) which massed the naturalized church as an tyrannical adversary, (3) the general traditions of Western occultism (which are often seen as encircling a dark or left-handed path) and (4) what Francis superpower calls the bad divinity of a minority of Roman Catholic priests (Francis King , 1989b, p. 219 ). Though, when Satan was invented, he was found everywhere. For instance, Satan was attached to Adam and Eve as a sibling rivalry between Satan and the young creatures of beau ideal.This combination of human and celestial opponents of theology lastly culminated in the shaping stages of the Antic hrist legend, which speaks of the human embodiment of Satan (McGinn 1994 10, 22-25 Pagels 1995 43, 49 Russell 1977 188-89). While the orthodox textbook shared some ideas of the dualistic conflict, particularly in Ezras formulations, Satan obtained a key role in the conventional worldview only gradually, as an influence of the common apocalyptic eschatology and a pith in grapples for power (political or religious) between human beings ( McGinn 1994 26).According to Elaine Pagels, Satan never shows in the Hebraical Bible as the leader of an evil empire, as a leader of antagonistic spirits who make warfare on God and human gentle. As he first appears, Satan is not essentially evil. In the handwriting of numbers game and in line he is one of Gods obedient servants, a messenger or angel. The Satan describes an adversarial role, not a particular character. The Satan was any one of the angels sent by God for the explicit figure of blocking or obstructing human activity the root S atan sum one who opposes, obstructs, or acts as adversary the Greek term diabolos means one who throws somewhat across ones path. So if the path is bad, an obstruction is practiced Satan may simply have been sent by the ecclesiastic to protect a person from worse harm (Pagels 1995 39-40, based, e. g. , on Numbers 22 23-25). Jobs Satan takes a more adversarial role Satans special role in the blissful court is that of a kind of roving tidings agent, like those whom numerous Jews of the time would have cognise and disliked from the king of Persias complex system of secret police and intelligence officers. These agents roamed the realm looking for signs of infidelity amongst the pack.God boasts to Satan concerning one of his more or less loyal subjects Satan then challenges the Lord to instal Job to the test. Job with bandstands the tests, and the Lord restores the affluences of Job giving him twice as much as he had before (Pagels 1995 41, based on Job 2 3, 42 10). Around the t ime Job was written c. 550 B. C. E. , other biblical writers invoked Satan to account for sharing out within Israel. One court historiographer slips Satan into an account regarding the origin of census taking, which King David introduced into Israel c. 1000 B. C. E. or the point of instituting taxation, which aroused fervent and immediate opposition. Aim on decry Davids action without condemning the king openly, the author of 1 Chronicles suggests that a witchlike adversary within the divine court had managed to penetrate the royal ingleside and led the king himself into sin Satan stood up against Israel and incited David to number the people ( Pagels 1995 42-43, based on 1 Chron. 211). Most societies have a variety of demons, spirits, or gods, which are morally ambivalent that is to say, the gods can be kind or unkind to humankind.One might argue that this amoral or dimoral polytheism fits the human experience of the universe substantially we see things happening mysteriously, without reason, for good or ill, and call it fate, chance, or an act of God. Few religions have one figure particularly symbolizing evil, although Buddhas tempter Mara comes close. No religion has a single individual personifying evil except those of the Jewish-Christian-Muslim (and Zoroastrian) tradition, which have Satan or the Devil. The problem of evil faces every worldview, but none so expressively as great monotheistic religions.Theologically the problem is just stated. God is all-powerful and all-good. But an all-powerful, all-good God would not permit evil in the cosmos he creates. Therefore evil cannot exist. But we view that evil exists. We are therefore forced to refuse the existence of God (at least as great monotheistic religions define it) or meet the criteria of our definition. If we choose the latter, we can save Gods pure goodness by restraining his omnipotence, or else save his power by qualifying his goodness. This is a sharp theological choice few theologians c hoose to face it that overtly.To avoid this choice, a variety of strategies have been working over the millennia. One solution, however unacceptable philosophically, is to drop off to the notion of a spiritual power aggressive to God, such as Satan. The Old Testament has comparatively few references to Satan as a personality. Most Hebrew thought before the second century B. C. E. accomplished destruction and suffering as originating in Gods inscrutable will. But some Old Testament passages lent themselves to an interpretation that unexplained spiritual powers, stamp down to a God, often did disparaging things.In some passages &8212 most radically in the Book of Job &8212 this power is portrayed as having a self-governing, malevolent existence. The idea of the Devil, very fuzzy in the Old Testament, becomes distinctly and pointed in the era from the second century B. C. E. to the second century C. E. One reason is the power of Iranian dualism. The ancient Iranian religion of Mazd aism (sometimes called Zoroastrianism) had its origins in the teachings of Zarathushtra, a prophet whose dates are un sleep withn.It is a dualist religion, elucidating evil by positing a frequent cosmic warfare between the God of Light and the God of Darkness. Mazdaism had some influence in Babylonia, where Hebrew in Exile was liberate by Iranian Shah Cyrus. A propensity toward dualism seems also to have freehanded indigenously amongst Jews, as they developed a darker view of the world passim the times they were invaded, enslaved, and persecuted by a diversity of conquerors &8212 Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, and finally Romans.The Jews reacted to this anguish part by blaming it on their own sins (a stance of the great prophets), but partially by blaming exterior forces. The Devil or his deputies were the influential spirits setting evil Gentiles against the Chosen People. Some Jewish sects, such as the Essenes, conceived (like the Mazdaists) of a vast ex traterrestrial warfare between the Lord of Light and the Prince of Darkness, a warfare in which each nation and each person was called to stand on one side or the other.For Jewish apocalyptic, the cosmic struggle was coming to its end there would be one last, vast war between sons of dusk and sons of light, and then the good God would triumph everlastingly. In the context of this profoundly dualistic Jewish thought, Christianity came into being. Ideas similar to those of apocalyptic writers surface in the Christian Gospels, notably the Gospel of John, with its images of light against darkness, in miracle stories of delivery boy capacitance to cast out and defeat demons and their leader the Devil, and in the Book of revelation (The Apocalypse).However, after the obliteration of Jerusalem by Romans in 70 C. E. , and the diaspora of the Jews, Pharisees were left as the surviving leading Jewish group. Their custom downplayed Satans power so much that he infrequently appears in works of the rabbis, though he does retain a presence in Jewish folklore. Although Judaism downplayed Satans power, Messianic trends that attenuate in Judaism after 70 C. E. remained strong in Christianity. For Christianity, deliverer was the the Nazarene. In Christian thought, God is good. Opposed by the Devil, he sends Jesus his Messiah to obliterate the Devils power.Unlike many Jewish sects, such as the Zealots, Christians mantic that the Messiah was not a military victory over Satan and gentile nations, but to a certain extent the Suffering Servant, who took upon himself all sins of the people and, in dying for them, broke Satans power. Almost all untimely Christian writers granted Satan great power all through the cosmos and also in the life of each human. Christ and Satan vie for each soul, and each person should choose between them. kindred Judaism, Christianity is a monotheistic religion.But by using the Devil to give voice the existence of evil, some early Christian groups , such as Gnostic sects of the first both centuries C. E. , pulled powerfully in the way of dualism. For them, Satan was an anti-God of big power. This power was to be fought, banished, and struggled against. But as it was so vast, Satans power could also be influenced, harnessed to ones own will, even, in extreme cases, worshipped. There was no planned Satanism in early Christianity, but some Gnostic sects seem to have verged on it by working orgiastic rites.In the l5th-century, French baron and onetime marshal of France, Gilles de Rais, was found to have affianced in numerous mortal and sadistic acts, some of which were alleged to be associated with freaky rituals in which he was assisted by Francesco Prelatti, a Florentine priest and occultist. Gilles de Rais was noted to be a man whose temperament and personality seemed to be extremely erratic at different times. Sometimes noted for his kindness, he was notable for his bravery in his military assistance of Joan of Arc.However , there was a great deal of dependable testimony provided by witnesses as well as material substantiation pointing to his guilt. According to Francis King, Satanism was adequately universal in 16th- and l7th-century France that its presence was noted by the police It is difficult to know how widespread such diabolist activities were among the nonmonastic clergy of the middle Ages, but they seem to have become common in the 16th and17th centuries. Exactly how common, no one knows, but if the rest of Catholic Europe was anything like the ecclesiastical blaze of Paris at that time, then they were very common indeed.For in France Satanism had attained the status of big business, its practitioners forming a kind of occult Mafia, a noisome octopus with tentacles which reached into almost every segment of Parisian social club and which was uncovered by Nicolas de la Reynie, the Police Commissioner of Paris. (Francis King, 1989b, pp. 219 220) The books of church of Satan novice Anton LaVey (1969) were actually strongly influenced by this occult tradition. (LaVey also popularized the god-awful pentagram, the five-pointed star with one point downward and the head of a goat overlaid.There is a temptation to dismiss antisatanists claims as illusive as sociologist Marcello Truzzi says, Satanists are better scapegoats than Jews, because they dont exist (in Lyons, 1988179). Though the vast conspiracy criticized by the antisatanist course may be exaggerated, Satanists do exist there are members of controlled Satanist churches in our society. These Satanist groups are significant to the antisatanist movement they provide a kernel of truth that antisatanists can expose.Groups such as Anton LaVeys Church of Satan prove that the satanic threat exists. The Church of Satan is not hulking estimates range from 2000 to 5000 active members (Melton 198677 Lyons 1988115). Still, the publicity showered on LaVey since he established his San Francisco church in 1966 has made him a nd his group a part of American popular culture. Almost everyone knows about LaVeys church, even though it is quite small. What the Church lacks in size it has made up for in direction remunerative to it as well as its activities.Anton LaVey, a bright character with a flair for the dramatic, gained substantial publicity by performing satanic weddings of renowned people, satanic baptisms of children, and satanic last rights for a sailor member who died &8212 all intentionally staged as media events. LaVey sought celebrities as members, and for a time claimed such stars as Sammy Davis, Jr. and Jayne Mansfield as dynamic participants, gaining national attention as a result (Lyons 1988). There is substantial debate about what the Church of Satan stands for, and what its members believe.Some analysts treat the Church as a spoof, intentionally designed to upset Christians. Others take it more critically, and look to LaVeys writings, such as his The blasted Bible (LaVey 1969), to unders tand his philosophy. The church actively rejects spirituality and mysticism of any sort it espouses an exclusive, materialist, and essentially atheistic philosophy. Satan constitutes a worship of ones own ego. In its major features, the Church of Satan takes a position of Extreme Machiavellianism and cynical-realism on the way to the nature of man.Its major feature is its emphasis upon the significance of myth and magic and upon their impact in a world of people who can still be influenced through such beliefs and emotions. This Satanist then is the ultimate pragmatist. (Truzzi 1974220) Moody ( 1974) discusses the Church of Satans redefinition of Christianitys seven fatal sins &8212 greed, pride, envy, anger, greed, lust, and sloth &8212 as virtues within satanic religion. Melton (1988145) describes satanic churches relationship to ChristianitySatanism is rationally subsequent to Christianity and draws on it in representing an let down of the Christian deity approving of his adve rsary. It stands in polemical relation to Christianity and Uses Christian elements, which are changed and given new meaning. Although LaVeys Church of Satan is the most unmistakable satanic church, others exist. The Temple of Set, a small off-shoot group planned by Michael Aquino, a former disciple of LaVey, has attracted attention (Melton 1989805 Lyons 1988125). The small size of these organized satanic groups is less significant than the cultural meaning attached to them.As a radical rejection of Christian culture, they are representatively significant. Their very presence has put in to the concern about Satanism in America. Satan stories were attached to practical and political issues. As Russell (1977 222) properly maintains, the figure of Satan in the New Testament is understandable only while it is seen as the alikeness or counter principle of Christ accordingly, Russell adds, the New Testament teaches that the domain of God is at war with the Kingdom of the Devil.Furtherm ore, Pagels documents, the vision of bulky struggle were developed by sectarian groups like the Essenes as they struggled against the forces they saw ranged against them. The dualistic cosmology was traited as split society, where sons of light, allied with the angels, and sons of darkness, in group discussion with the control of evil, were in violent conflict. Pagels further retains that followers of Jesus pick out the same prototype in their campaigns.According to Pagels, Mark tells the story of Jesus as the disagreement between Gods spirit and the power of Satan. Mark underlines that Jesus encountered this opposition not simply from evil spirit but from evil people as well. Marks Satan is not an antagonistic power assailing Israel from outside the residential area but the source and symbol of conflict within the community (Pagels 1995 12, 17, 34, 38 based on Mark 3 23-27, 16 5-7). Satan is described as the embodiment of pure evil.Such a Satanic theology would feature goodness to the Judeo-Christian God, but Satanists worship Satan as perceived to be more powerful or because the cultist might view himself or herself as being past redemption by a benign deity. In this system of thinking, goodness itself is typified as a weak, ineffective, and futile goal. Spence describes a similar dichotomy in views of Satanism and Luciferianism although he defines his terms slightly differently Concerning the cults of Lucifer, much discrimination is required in dealing with this aspect, the bulk of the literature on the subject being apparently imaginative and often willfully misleading. The members of the church of Lucifer are of two groups, those who regard the deity they adore as the evil principle, thus approximating to the vantage point of the Satanists, and those who look upon him as the true god in opposition to Adonai or Jehovah, whom they regard as an evil deity who has, with fiendish ingenuity, miscreated the world of man to the detriment of humanity. . (htt p//www. satanservice. org/propaganda/acad. 80sa. txt ) Though, in contemporary world, satanic symbols and themes are observable and popular features of music, literature, and movies. Increasing numbers of reported survivors are coming forward to state they are victims of such cults. Are these reports just rumors or fantasies, or are people being harmed by ritual abuse? Unless we seriously give these reports, we will never know for certain.

Creating a culture of Customer Care Essay

1. Good guest keeping is critical for the success of the centre as the callinges success revolves around the guests, without the customers there would be no wrinkle enterprise. The benefits for the business of good customer c ar are * It gains a positive reputation (which means that race depart blossom through word of mouth that they captured sensitive customer profit and volition recommend the business to their friends and family) * Creates a client base ( Builds a relationship between the client and the business)* Repeat Business ( guests will be so pleased with the high quality of the service provided to them that they will repay in the future and recommend the business to family and friends.The benefits to the staff are * Incentives/bonuses ( for their stark work, commitment to the company and providing excellent customer service to customers) * Job protective cover/ promotions/less pay offs and redundancies ( As the client base expands, the manager of the busin ess may promote people due to their hard work or provide them with job security. The benefits for the customer are * Satisfaction (The customer would be happy with the product or service provided by the business and smell out like a valued customer, they would the choke to the business and build a relationship with the business, therefore resulting in them come uping a certain consignment to the business and purchasing from them often and recommending them to friends and family. * Aftercare ( If there are any problems with the product, the business toilet provide a ascendant such as an transposition, refund, advice and returns etcetera2. Internal customers are departments or co-workers at bottom an organisation that may abet or give information to other departments to help provide a product or service to an immaterial customer. (E.g. human resources, funding, credit control, stakeholders, employees, shareholders) outside customer is a person or business who is not right away linked to the business and is interested in the business and would like to leverage goods or services from the business. (E.g. joiner, builder, consumer, student) The connection between the internal customer and immaterial customer is called the chain of service. The better you treat your internal customers, the better external service you will get.3. The organisational structure and concern best suited to keep effective customer care is a shorter and flatter one as it allows an easy flow of communication (chain of command) there are less people to consult with and the chance of miscommunication if lower than in a tall structure. It will support effective customer care as the lower train employees can give direct feedback from the customers to management easily and complaints can be considert with quickly and promptly, it will help the business improve and grow and the customers will gain satisfaction as there feedback will be heard.4. mandate is giving the lower level em ployees the initiative and agency to make finiss on their own without consulting a manager or higher ranking employee within boundaries. It gives the employee a sense of power and save the employees troubling superiors and pulling them from their important duties. It can increase profit within the business and give employees more(prenominal) responsibility. Empowerment helps achieve good customer service as it gives the employees the power to make lasts a high ranked employee would, it gives the employee confidence and authority.It prevents the customer standing(a) around while the employee consults with a manager about a decision thats to be made and it gives the customer faith in the employee as the employee doesnt have to consult a manager. Total quality management is an approach that seeks improvement of quality and performance which will exceed or match the customers expectations. The flatter the organisational structure the more empower that employees will receive therefo re giving them a higher level of responsibility and decision making, which relieves the managers of the tasks of making less important decisions.5. The key factors that will contribute to excellent customer service within the visitor centre are * cater (staff that have the knowledge to assist and treat customers, have attended rhythmical training courses, are friendly and willing to help) * Feedback forms ( for customers to complete so that the business can see how the improve their customer service so they can strive to do better) * Events/Fun days ( to encourage new clients/visitors)* node Aftercare (exchanges, returns and refunds)* Leaflets ( fantasticing visitors of different events that will be taking places)* Following up address calls/ emails* Product knowledge* Advice on purchasesThe strategies that I would suggest for dealing with complaints would be Let a happy member of staff knowledgeable(empathetic, compassionate and sympathetic) that deals with complaints to deal with the customer.* Log complaint* excuse for the inconvenience* Propose a solution* Offer compensationFace to face* Let a trained member of staff knowledgeable(empathetic, compassionate and sympathetic) that deals with complaints to deal with the customer. * Take customer into a private room ( to provide them with privacy and confidentiality)* Log the complaint* Apologize for the inconvenience* Propose a solution* Offer compensation customer Aftercare is the care that the customer receives after they make a purchase (good or service) with a company. Customer care includes returns, refunds, exchange and warranty. Customer Aftercare contributes to improving the levels of customer satisfaction because if the customer is unsatisfied about a product or service that has been provided to them, they can them receive a refund, exchange the goods or exchange it for another good. They will be satisfied with the aftercare they have received and return to the business in the future as they had a good experience.Customer aftercare is vital as it is a part of customer service its the companys way of showing commitment to their customer service. Examples of customer aftercare are follow up phone calls, text messages or online surveys, this is vital to the business as they can gather feedback on customer service, products, alert customers on upcoming events, sales, special offers and measure customer satisfaction. Customers then feel like their opinion matters and feel valued.

In the Time of the Butterflies Analysis

Analysis of Alvarezs In the Time of the Butterflies In the Time of the Butterflies, build verbally by Julia Alvarez, is the story of quaternity sisters who take an emotional journey small-arm becoming a symbol of hope in the corrupt Dominican Republic, as they seek to make a political revolution. Through reveal the story, we crack deeper into apiece sisters life and learn more close to her individual traits. In the hold up, Alvarez makes the Mirabal sisters stupefy alive throughout the hold back with her determi democracy of foreshadowing, expound characterization, and selection of detail.The more the reader journeys farther into the book, the more the same tricks become of importance Throughout In the Time of the Butterflies Alvarez does an grainive trading using selection of detail to create a strong intellectual image of the characters and setting for the reader. In the opening lines of Chapter One Dede describes the area of where she lives as the interview woman is coming over soon when she says, The woman pass on never find the old house behind the edge of idealistic hibiscus at the b stop of the dirt channel (3).By using visual vision Alvarez gives a clear description of where the Mirabal sisters reside. The sisters live in the foothills of the tobacco fields, a very unpopulated area, which is hard to find as no highroad signs exist in the country. On the way home from Trujillos residence after the disastrous skit put on by the sisters Alvarez writes,As the road darkened, the beams of our headlights filled with hundreds of blinded moths. Where they hit the windshield, they left blurry marks, until it seemed like I was looking at the world through a curtain of tears (29).Alvarez compares the blurry marks to a curtain of tears, giving the reader a sense of the somber mood in the car. Alvarez tells of the dismal mood because the sisters had permit Sor Asuncion great deal, she was not happy they didnt act as the ornaments of the nat ion as they were supposed to. Sor Asuncion was telling Patria to pray to the Virgencita for guidance in her future involving the church when Patria says, And I prayed with her, a Hail Mary and an Our Father, and I tried hard but I could not keep my eyeball from straying to the flame trees, their blossoms tumbling in the wind of the coming storm. (47). By using great detail the reader can almost intend the flame trees swaying before them with their blossoms turning in front of their own eyes. The credit brings Patrias character alive as well, giving the reader a look into star the key aspects of her life, religion. Selection of detail is just one of terzetto literary devices used In the Time of the Butterflies that makes it an exciting book it compels the reader to continue reading as the characters and scenery comes to life.Alvarez consistently uses the device of foreshadowing to drop subtle hints of what is to come later in the book. Dede was component her father up the stair s after he had discussed their possible futures with them on a clear moonlit night, when Alvarez writes, She realizes that her future is the only future he really told (10). Referring to Dede, a possible storyline that is constant throughout the book is revealed by her father she will be the only sister of the quadruple to survive the revolution.Dede gives the interview women a quick tour of the house, and when walking down the hallway Alvarez describes it, There are three pictures of the girls, old favorites that are right away emblazoned on the posters every November, making these once intimate snapshots seem besides famous to be the sisters she knew (5). The same storyline is mentioned in the summons three of the sisters have a picture on the wall, but Dede does not because shes the only one still alive.With the sisters having pictures of them on the walls that were considered old favorites it foreshadows their deaths at the end of the book. Chapter four begins with Patria de scribing her childhood from the day she was born , Even being born, I was coming out, hands setoff, as if reaching up for something (44). This quote foreshadows Patrias loving character that the reader discovers later in the book. Patria loves automatically and is course generous which is later shown with her early commitment in life to the church.In In the Time of the Butterflies foreshadowing lays the foundation for the rest of the book, which is vital for the reader to grasp. Alvarez uses little characterization to give the reader a clear idea of the characters record as well as their physical appearance. Minerva begins chapter two by canvas herself, Sometimes, watching the rabbits in their pens, Id think, Im no different from you, poor things (11). She compares herself to a rabbit stuck in their pen Minerva is accompaniment at home with her parents and cannot find a way to get out from their grasp.Alvarez gives a look into Minervas life being one of poppings little girls a s well as being the befriend juniorest of the four sisters, a tough situation to leave. In one of companions earliest diary entries we get a look into her young mind, friend writes, I had such a time deciding between the patent leather and white leather for church today. I at long last settled for the white pair as Mama picked those out for my first Communion, and I wanted her to feel that they were still my favorites (36).This quote shows us how Mate is not yet involved in the complexities of the revolution and is more disordered about what clothes shes wearing, giving the reader insight into some otherwise sisters character. Before the volleyball game at Tio Pepes where Dede was looking to impress Lio, Alvarez writes, She knows she looks especially good in her flowered shirtwaist and white sandal heals (70). Referring to Dede, the quote reveals her self interest into her beauty, and her lack of interest in the revolution compared to her other three sisters.Detailed charact erization helps give the reader a sense of what each sister is like, and helps them put the story of the Mirabal sisters into place. Alvarez uses the device of foreshadowing brilliantly to break up the plot that will come about later in the story. Alvarez utilizes detailed characterization to allow the reader to personalize the characters and distinguish the differences between the qualities of the four sisters.She uses selection of detail to describe characters, setting, and scenes throughout the book, thus allowing the reader to create a mental image of situations at hand. When putting the three literary devices together, it makes In the Time of the Butterflies a fascinating book that the reader doesnt want to put down. Alvarez does a splendid job of using literary devices including foreshadowing, selection of detail, and detailed characterization to make the heroic story of the Mirabel sisters come alive.

My Favorite Gran Torino Character

The pack Gran Torino, directed by Clint Eastwood, is about an old man named Walt. after the loss if his wife and b arly any contact with his son, Walt decides to take on the korean family that lives next door. Their son, Thao Vang Lor tries to steal Walts Gran Torino for his cousin,spider, who is in a gang. In return for the accident that Thao had made, he started working for Walt doing any spare chores that be may have. Over time Thao and Walt become very close with integrity another, so close that Walt gives his life to save Thaos family from the gang.My favourite character i march, Thaos previous(a) sister brings a lot of joy to Walt and is always make sure he is happy. If it wasnt for sue, Walt would never have become close with the Vang Lor family. Sue has a very strong personality and shows no fear, even when others would. A scene that i quite like is where Sue has a date, and they are walking down the street when they come across a gang. They guys in the gang try to grab hold of sue but she stands up for herself by being smart to them. Oh great, another guy with a Asian girls fetish. God, this is getting so old I would recommend this film to older teens and adults. The film has a lesson that makes you realise that not every body is the same. It proves that downstairs the right circumstances, people can change for the better or worse. In a story with such a vast variety of cultural groups and rivalry, a light shines through with the friendships and bonding that is made. Comments witnessing recommend realise use separate Pressured scared. Happiness gangster

Morphology of the Heart Essay

The pith is a muscular organ ensnare in on the whole animals with a circulatory system. The midriff pumps beginning throughout the line of business vessels by contractions. Cardiac means related to the perfume, and comes from the Greek. The vertebrate heart is do up of cardiac muscle, its an involuntary striated muscle tissue found only in this organ, and connective tissue. The males heart weighs 9-11 ounces, and the distaffs heart weighs about 11-12 ounces. A persons caudex pressure has major effects on their heart high blood pressure is a major risk factor for a heart attack. If the heart cant fit enough oxygen, you will get chest pains which is called angina, and when your blood flow is blocked, it will result in a heart attack.Not only do heart attacks authorize with high blood pressure, so does congestive heart failure. Congestive heart failure can be deadly and is a result of the heart being unable to pump enough blood for what your proboscis needs. Homeostasis is your bodys ability to maintain an internal environment that is constant, no issuance what is happening outside of it. The body has a lot of responsibility, like blood pressure, temperature, and things like glucose levels pull down. So, when the bodys blood pressure is high, or even low, it means that your bodys homeostasis or balanced state has have unbalanced.ReferencesHomeostatic Regulation of Blood Pressure , 2012. eHow.com.http//www.ehow.com/about_5565094_homeostatic-regulation-blood-pressure.htmlixzz2FS7wlBONSteadyHealth.2004 2011 Wesite http//terms.steadyhealth.com/Heart_morphology NHLBI. 2012.Websitehttp//www.nhlbi.nih.gov/hbp/hbp/effect/heart.htm

Professional Development Opportunities Essay

NAYCE (National Association for the Education of Young Children) http//www.naeyc.org NAYCE is a vast among the primeval childhood Education. The programs feed knowledgeable information to early Childhood teachers. Teachers nominate become a member and go to many Expos and Conference to garner other teachers and program directors. NAYCE also have educational books online for teachers to develop more learning into their classroom and curriculum.CAT (Creative Art Team)- http//www.creativeartsteam.org/professional-development/professional-development/early-childhood-professional-development-initiativ The CAT website provides an Early Childhood original Development Initiative store for mentoring teachers. The schools who wish to participate for the workshop will have five days of in-services for students, in class mentoring and coach with four teachers, on site staff development and second-five hours professional development with CAT. The workshop is free for all teachers who ar e evoke to join.Collaborative for Children- www.collabforchildren.org/training-child-care-providers The Collaborative for Children is a learning development for teachers in the surround Houston area and online for all Early Childhood teachers. The professional development programs vortex Early Childhood Training Courses with the cost of $12.00. The Collaborative is part of Texas Agrilife consultation Service, an educational agency of the Texas A&M System. New York Early Childhood Professional Development Institute- http//www.earlychildhoodnyc.org/ New York Early Childhood Professional Development Institute offers many programs to benefit new awareness in New York City. The Institute offers on site coaching, professional development, and technical economic aid also CDA programs for aspiring child care workers. These programs are working with parents and teachers to develop vigorous and learning children.Early Learning Leaders-http//www.earlylearningleaders.org/?page=Professio nal The website contains Early worry Professional Training and Education for child care administrators. The program enriches childcare directors into learning and developing new programs into their childcare program home base. in that respect are weekly webinars and sessions for each learning development.

Common Law Essay

a) In a letter go out 14/02/2011, the theatre director (Dave) of nice Foods (EF) outlined conditions in committal to writing to the manager (Ben) of practiced Foods (SF) in relation to the purchase of EF. These conditions were that SF must compensate the determine amount of EF, which totaled $120,000, $30,000 more than the authentic amount that SF had been prepared to redress and stipulated during rather negotiations. At the time of the in front negotiations, SF also had set a purchase requirement, which was that EFs sales must sum up by 20% over the next two months and if this requirement was met, SF would be prepared to pay the $90,000.After earlier negotiations, EF had their business valued at $120,000 and notified SF of the valuation and that they promptly required this amount, not the $90,000 that SF had introduceed. SF did not reply to EF.Whilst EF met the sales increase seat and forwarded the record of sales to SF along with the deepen of business receive as well as a new condition of the contract existence that EF require 10% of the 120,000 within 14 days, SF responded in writing stating they no eight-day were interested in purchasing EF. It would appear that EF are no longer interested in purchasing SF due to the $30,000 charge increase and the term that they would now need to pay 10% within 14 days.An important aspect in forming a jurally dressing contract is giving and receiving the acceptance of an offer. The requirement of acceptance with every binding legal contact is tied closely to the concept of unqualified mutual assent. unless when both parties have given their mutual consent does the law manage a binding legal contact to have been formed. Hence, if the offeree remains silent, their g waiver over cannot constitute an acceptance.1Another important aspect when creating a legally binding contract is that the acceptance of the offer must exactly mirror the footing and conditions of the offeree and vice versa. If the re is even a slight difference, this will nearly likely not constitute a valid acceptance. If an offer is make that does not mirror the terms of the original offer, than this is considered a counter-offer, which now negates the original offer.An example of this is demonstrated in the case of Hyde v wrick (1840) where become offers to sell his land to Hyde for the price of 1200 pounds of which Hyde declined to accept. Wrench responded with a counter-offer of 1000 pounds and Hyde responded with another(prenominal) counter-offer of 950 pounds. When Wrench declined the counter offer, Hyde decided he would accept the earlier offer of 1000 pounds, however Wrench decided he would no longer sell his land to Hyde for this amount. As Hyde had made another counter-offer after the earlier offer, the offer of 1000 pounds was now und wizard. Hyde sued Wrench for breach of contract claiming that the earlier offer was not withdrawn however the salute found that Wrench did not need to withdraw the offer of 1000 pounds as it was undone when the counter-offer of 950 pounds was made.2In this case, SF made an offer to EF, being $90,000 if sales increase by 20% in two months. EF later responded with a counter-offer of $120,000, which then destroyed the earlier offer of $90,000. SF did not respond to this counter offer, so not accepting the new offer. EF also added terms to the offer that were not antecedently discussed with SF, which also did not mirror the terms of the earlier offer of which the court considers being a strict requirement for full and unequivocal assent.3Excellent Foods cannot commence an action for breach of contract against Safe Foods as the counter-offer negates the original offer of which Safe Foods did not respond to and therefore is not considered as an acceptance of the terms.b) Promissory estoppel is an equitable action, which is designed to enforce telephones made from one party to another where the prefigures are not supported by considerati on. The dogma of promissory estoppel can only be applied if a all the way promise was made from the promisor to the promisee, if the promisse has suffered a significant loss from the promisor now going back on its promise, if the promiser acted unconscionably, and if the promisse undertook certain acts (or refrained from initiate certain acts) due to the promisers initial promise.A leading(a) case which illustrates the purpose of promisary estoppal is Waltons Stores v Maher where Waltons negotiated with Maher over the grant of a film of property that Maher owned. Maher agreed to demolish a expression in coiffure to make way for a new custom designed structure to be occupied by Waltons. Changes and agreements were made by both parties over the following months. Waltons later decided that they no longer required the building after Maher had already informed then that they were proceeding with the demolition and in spite of being aware of this, advised their solicitors to go black in communicate Maher of their reservations.Due to Maher having initially received a clear promise, suffered considerable loss and completed many acts under the belief that Waltons would go ahead with the promise as well as Waltons acting unconscionably against Maher in going slow in informing Maher of their true intentions, Maher was able to rely on promisary estoppel and therefore won on first instance and later at the appeal.4In this case, Excellent Foods did not suffer any considerable loss from Safe Foods not following through with the business transfer. Whilst there was an initial promise made by SF to EF, EF later requested 10% of the transfer price of $120,000 within 14 days a term that had not previously been negotiated. It may be because of this term that SF does not wish to continue with the transfer in which case they have not acted unconscionably. EF informed SF in writing that they did not wish to continue with the transfer.

Modern Times by Charlie Chaplin Essay

outline A black and white comedy by Charlie Chaplin, fresh time call backs place in America during the Great Depression. It follows Little peg away (Chaplin) magical spell he struggles to survive as a factory dieer in a modern and industrialized world. Though this movie does not presume place during the industrial Revolution, the problems and challenges faced by Americans during the Great Depression be similar to the ones faced by people in the Britain during the early 1900s. As mentioned, this movie is in black and white. It is also a predominantly tongueless film, and these two factors take this movie outside of most students comfort zones. Students track down to moan in disappointment when they learn what they are about to watch. However, the slap-stick, and visible humour wins high school students over and they seem to always bang the film.Activity After the MovieResearch Essay Students are asked to take their knowledge of the Industrial Revolution and write a rese arch theme comparing it to the Great Depression as depicted in Modern Times. Opinion Essay Chaplin uses this movie to shed a negative unaffixed on Capitalism and modernization. Accordingly, students could write an opinion paper agreeing or discord with Chaplins ideas of industrialization. Below are three examples of relevant scenes from the movie that jibe with both essay topics The enterprise scene is of people marching to work and then it switches to a shot of a herd of sheep walking the streets.This is to award Chaplins opinion that people are more like sheep in an industrialized society, losing their individuality. One may argue that this was also the case during Industrial Revolution with the switch from the cottage industry to factory work. After this opening scene the audience sees Chaplin in the factory, where he has a repetitive assembly-line reflect tightening screws together as products run by on a conveyor belt. Next his boss speeds up the machine, and it gets ha rder and harder for him to keep up. Eventually, this monotonous regime causes him to have a breakdown and lose his job. This scene is a big(p) one to highlight to students because it is a clear example of an assembly line.Also, the fact that it gets harder and harder for Chaplins character to keep up, which then leads to a breakdown and outcome unemployment is a commentary on the quality of life that this assembly-line work creates and the risks and danger involved. There are many references to communism, which is an important ideology to know when attainment about the Industrial Revolution. After Little Tramp becomes unemployed he ends up on the street where he finds a red personal identification number and begins to wave it. This causes the police to believe that he is a communist and he is put in jail. There are also scenes where Little Tramp is seen dividing and sharing stolen necessities, such as food, with the working class. This may not be a direct connection to Communis m, but is pointing out some of the disadvantages of Capitalism.

X-IT and Kidde Case Study

They depicted an interest in purchasing X-IT more especiall(a)y just apt keeping of their ladder design and X-IT was not unlikable to the idea. A fear that most companies hold when collaborating with an another(prenominal) is of protecting their branded technologies. X-IT had this fear as well and applied for a patent. Unfortunately, due to a lack of money and in turn a lack of friendship power, they were unable to protect their mental hospital from Kidded. Kidded, with the help of an un honourable attorney, worked around X-ITs up to now processing patent to legally create a similar ladder.Nonetheless, X-IT does hold a mean(a) amount of ammunition against Kidded. Copyright infringement and the breach of shirkfidentiality promises atomic number 18 the strongest legal claims that X-IT has. Within the confidentiality agreement between these two companies, it clearly states that Kidded would entirely use the pending patent information to analyze the potential operation (purc hasing X-IT). Additionally, it was concur upon that the patent information would be kept limited to individuals problematic in the transaction and that if X-IT requested the information back, it would get to to be returned.Although Kidded had agreed to use X-ITs patent information only to evaluate, they used it for another propose al unitedly. With the aid of an outside attorney, they utilized the information to make a metamorphose in the ladders design that could possibly provide Just enough confession to prove that they were not infringing. In fact, if X-IT had the funds they most apt(predicate) would aim won a cheek against Kidded. The copyright infringement by Kidded was unattainable to miss and, if taken to court, would weigh heavily.At the Hardware Show, Kidded not only displayed save also presented their version of X-ITs ladder to numerous retail representatives (eye-witnesses). The convicting evidence here(predicate) is that Kidded failed to change the retail box design which evicted Debonairness nephew and sister-in-law. Possibly, this was a way to magic trick consumers into thinking that it was the same product X-IT was selling. 2. Even though suing Kidded seems like the ethical step to take, there are pros and cons to such action. A pro of suing Kidded is that X-IT has a sufficient amount of documentation and strong testimonies which would likely lead to a win.They could request for eyewitnesses from the Hardware Show to appear in court and testify. This would rectify a strong basis for and argument that Kidded committed multiple intellectual property infringements against them. In admittance, presenting the confidentiality agreement with signatures would lock Kiddies into involvement. Coupling all documentation, witnesses, and claims together would provide enough credence for X-IT to walk away as winners in this incident. When their intellectual property was stolen, X-IT was in an unhealthy financial situation.If they had went forth with a case, the influx of funds for the damages caused by Kidded to X-IT could feed kept the bon ton better afloat and further away from bankruptcy. Ultimately, if the case opened, X-IT may have the opportunity to win and grow their chore further. A win would spurious that they do not have to sacrifice the innovation they created. However, the major con is what kept X-IT from suing Kidded originally. Opening a case is very costly and would take aim for X-IT to suffer ridiculous legal fees. According to the article, Kidded had over $2 million in r flushues.They could very easily hire more qualified representatives and pay all other fees. X-IT is cash strapped and could be overrun if they cant acquire the essential funding. In addition, Kidded would most likely continue its regular dividing line operations as they dealt with their legal matter on the side. On the other hand, X-IT would have to halt production and focus their funds on resolving the case first. In the end, if Kidded wins the case, X-IT would almost definitely go into bankruptcy and lose any(prenominal) sight of their innovation. 3.If I were Aledo Debarring I would do anything I could to save my business and my innovation. As a first step, I would contact a gracious attorney to acquire an analysis of my case. Under full confidentiality, I would percentage documentation to see if there is any precedence for the problem I am facing. If the attorney seems confident that X-IT has a good chance of winning, I would go forth with my claims. I would take an unorthodox route and accept for help from the general public. On a whole, Americans are not enlarged fans of large corporations.I would go public with X-ITs story on various intelligence agency channels and asks for donations. X-IT represents the American dream of a small successful business and I think people would flock to support it. The fact that X- IT is in danger of being bulldozed by a larger company and they cant adjure back wou ld rally the general American public support. In addition to public support, I would organize a meeting with the investors and board of directors at X-IT. Sides sales would take a blow if the public supported X-IT moreover the true funds to fight this battle would come from this meeting.I would present all the information and even provide them with the attorneys thoughts to garner support and reach an agreement on the course of action to be taken. A case could be made that the lawsuit, although risky, offered an opportunity of winning. X-IT would be able to punish Kidded for intellectual property infringement. The investors might be willing to support it because of the companys potential. Much like Amazons logical argument holders they may iced to invest for long-term future gains. If I were to lose the case only somehow avoid bankruptcy, I would simply move out front with my business.I would learn from my experience and walk on with a better sympathy on how to protect my compan ys innovations. I would make the investment and hire a person or small team to monitor dealings with other companies. They would be qualified and would have a better understanding of when, what, and how to breach company information. 4. There is not a doubt that both Kidded and Slavonic acted unethically in this matter. Kidded was shady from the start with their actions. From the time they showed interest within X-IT they had bad intentions.At a point in the article, it even stated that Harper, although yet desiring to purchase the company, would be Just as happy if Kidded acquired X-ITs ladder innovation in itself. They had recognized it as a dominant design and treasured it any way possible. After having their offer denied, they continued to pursue the design. They even had a Chinese factory recreate the product to the best of their ability, with intentions to turn X-IT. Slavonic, much like Kidded had given his word to be a fair middleman and keep all information confidential , which he absolutely did not.When he was approached about the situation after-hand by Vive at a meeting he denied being at fault and claimed that X-IT knew all along that he was support Kidded. This is obvious proof that Slavonic was a corrupt attorney who was likely paid out by Kidded. This entire case is an unfortunate one. X-IT was a very innovative business with a bright future but couldnt hold their ground due to a lack of money. Kidded was experienced and took wages of the fact that X-IT did not have a strong team or sense of business practices yet.

Literature Coursework Essay

The receive a View from the yoke is a modern day Greek calamity, which tracks the downfall of one individual. This is Eddie Carbone, an Italian man, with the beliefs of the Italian culture. Eddie, with his married woman Beatrice and niece Catherine, live in Redhook, Brooklyn, a slum as the mint there calls it and now it is make outn as that. Brooklyn has a salient Italian community. Many people who live in Redhook are in general Italian. The arrival of Beatrices cousin Marco and his brother Rodolpho two illegal immigrants who must(prenominal) be kept a secret form the Immigration authorities, in America to live an American Dream, makes the whole play catalyst.The play is a tragedy and so a lot of aggression is included. The tragedy focuses on the private and social life of Eddie Carbone. The traditional, cultural beliefs of how to be an Italian man is a downfall. The beliefs on how to be a real Italian man is to get back justice, if you get hurt. This is precisely what happe ns to Eddie. If any of these Italian beliefs werent in place the play wouldnt have ended as such a bloody family. The whole play is changed when the two brothers arrive in the slum neighborhood.Eddie, who is Catherines uncle, but acts equivalent a father to her, is so protective over her and tells her what to do and what not to do. simply Beatrice look ats that Catherine is old enough to go proscribed to work, and to attract the attention of young men as she walks down the street. Alfieri who is a lawyer knows both sides of the story and also knows what is red ink to happen abutting in the play. Alfieri is the kind of man who is not bad tempered. He tries to chasteness e actuallything what goes on, and doesnt want anything to go wrong. He knows what Eddie will get in the end, by acting the way he is.This includes organism jealous, and not being happy for Catherine, the way she is. In this essay I am going to examine the ideas of manliness, hostility and aggression. I will examine how these are connected. During almost of the tragic play, Marco is talked of very positively. This is tapen as Marco works day and night very hard, and with forcible strength. Marco is thought of positively by a few people at the start of the play, when they arrive, in America, as immigrants. Eddie is one of the people that think very positively as he says Marco goes around like a man naught kids Marco. This acknowledgment is pointing that Eddie thinks very positively of Marco. He believes that as a man you should be physically strong. He is verbalise that Marco is serious he wants to do work and send money he earns home, to his wife and children. Marco has throw in to America to do work, and thats what he does do. Nobody kids around with Marco. Marco shows much more masculinity when he says he cares so much about his family in Italy, that he is going to send everything, at once to them. He says this to show his masculinity I send everything.He says this quote when he is talking to Beatrice about his wife. He shows masculinity he dialog about sending money home, and thats why he has come to America, to work for his family. It suggests to us he is a man, because he sends money to consort his wife and children. It tells us that he is the man of the house. Marco doesnt show forth much of his masculinity, but at one point, he sticks up for his brother, Rodolpho and gives Eddie a challenge. Eddie is challenged by Marco and this is a point where he shows his masculinity. The point where Marco tells Eddie to lift the death chairCan you lift this chair? Eddie knows that at this point he has been challenged. He thinks he can lift the chair. He gives it a go, trying to show his physical strength, but unfortunately fails two times, to meet Marcos standards. Marco indeed shows off his physical strength by lifting the chair over his head. Marco doesnt like to really show off, in front of people, but at this point he defends his brother by reservati on Eddie do something. Eddies view of how to be a real man and show the masculinity you have is to do cert personal things.He talks about these when he is talking to Alfieri or Beatrice. He considers a lot of things to be very manly. He refers mown(prenominal)ly to Rodolpho when he says things to Alfieri. He wants authority and he acts like he is the man of the house. Eddie likes manliness to mean, physical strength, hard working and authority. But when he is talking to Beatrice, he implies that Rodolpho is gay. Of course we dont know this for sure, but he says it so it makes us believe that he is gay. It says that he cooks, sings and even makes dresses.Eddie certainly doesnt approve of him, especially when Catherine is attracted to him. Eddie thinks he does a lot of women jobs. Eddie shows authority, this is shown, because when Catherine is going out with Rodolpho he doesnt let her. This is shown in the scene with a stage direction He moves to Catherine. This shows that Eddie is pr otective. He wampum Catherine from going out, with high heels on. He tells her to take her shoes off. Eddie wins the argument as Catherine listens and she takes off the high heels.This shows that Eddie has his authority. If he doesnt get this he includes physical aggression. Eddie is reflexion that men should have control of what women do. Eddie also tells us what as a man you should do. He points out this when he is talking to Beatrice. She doesnt agree with something what Eddie says about Rodolpho. Eddie wants authority and so he shows this by motto that a wife should agree with what her husband has to say A wife is supposed to believe he husband. If I tell you the guy aint right, dont tell me his is right.By saying this he means that Beatrice should agree with what the husband has to say, so if he says that Rodolpho aint right, Beatrice should agree that Rodolpho aint right. He is showing he has authority and is man of the house. The ways in which Rodolpho during the play does nt aline to the Italian beliefs of masculinity is when he says and does things those only women do. These included cooking, singing and making dresses. Eddies point of view is for men to work hard and be serious. Rodolpho tries to show his masculinity, but fails dramatically.This is clearly shown, when Rodolpho has been told to leave by Eddie, and Catherine says that she will also leave. Rodolpho gets sooner angry and decides to tell Eddie, that he wants Catherine to be his wife. Eddie doesnt agree at all. Its obvious why, because he thinks Rodolpho is gay. Eddie doesnt conform of his masculinity at all. This is because Rodolpho doesnt at all show much masculinity. The consequence of this is that when Rodolpho gets angry, he tries to attack Eddie. He does not succeed in doing that and so Eddie pins him down. This is told by a stage direction

Essay on Assam Essay

Assam has been aptly described by some as the Shangrila of the North-Eastern India a claim having breathtaking scenic beauty, rargonst floras and faunas, lofty hills, lush teatime gardens, undulating plains, mighty waterways, dense forests, fertile valleys, etc. It lies as a gem of exquisite beauty and charm on the Northeastern horizon of India. Since the years of Hiuen-Tsang it has fascinated the rest of the world with her aura of myth and mysteries, history and folklore, euphony and dance. Known as Pragjyotishpura (land of Eastern lights) in ancient time and Kamrupa in medieval times, Assam is the anglicised name for the tell. The name of the state may scram sum up from the word Ahom the people who migrated to the Brahmaputra valley in the early 13th cytosine and gave shape to the Assamese of today.The state lies between 89. 50 to 96, 10 E. longitude and 24. 30 to 28, 40 N. latitude. Seven Indian states and two foreign countries touch its boundary. Spread over an area of 7 8, 438 sq. km. res publica has a check population of 26, 638, 407 according to Census, 2001. We have a go picture of Assam only from the early 13th cent, when the country was conquered by Ahoms. later they were ousted by the Burmese, who handed over the area to the British by the conformity of Yandaboo in 1826. All the major races of the world much(prenominal) as, Austro-Asiatic, the Indo- Aryans, Indo-Tibetans, Indo-Burmese, Mongolians, etc. have combined to make the great Assamese people of today. Assam, however, has remained practically a land of Tibeto- Burmese people. Assamiya or Assamese is the lingua franca of the state.Assam raise be divided into three pictorial regions, namely the Brahmaputra valley, the Barak valley and the Hilly regions. These regions are quite distinct from one an early(a) with regard to the composition of people, personal manner of living and culture. The mighty Brahmaputra along with Barak has nourished the state from time venerable and has be en a source of solace as well as a source of sorrow for the people of the state. The economy of the state is overwhelmingly rustic and about 75% of the population directly or indirectly depends on this sector for their livelihood. Rice, fruits, aracanut, jute, sugar cane, and tea are the chief agricultural declare of the state. The state also produces nearly half of the countrys total output of tea. he state is rich in natural resources such as oil, gas, coal, and limestone.The perfect fusion of heritage, tradition, faiths, and beliefs of numerous races has resulted in many festivals in the state. The main festivals of Assam are the Bihus which are celebrated all over the state by every one with great pomp and grandeur. The most noisy amongst the three Bihus is the spring festival known as Rongali Bihu. Nature has profusely blessed Assam with charming sights and exciting natural scenery. Kaziranga National Park and Manas bema are the chief tourist centres famous for Royal Be ngal tiger, one-horned rhinos and golden langur.The other attractions of the state are the famous Kamakhya temple near Guwahati, Umananda temple, Navagraha temple, Kareng Ghar, Rang ghar, Talatal Ghar, Majuli island, Jatinga, etc. squirt in the Himalayan foothills the state is rich in cultural heritage, natural beauty, and mineral resources. There is no denying the fact that the state of Assam during the last cardinal years has made great strides in many fields. But a lot more remains to be done to bring the state to the forefront of development and progress. Given better political stability, adequate focus on industrialisation, proper utilisation of resources available and less militancy, the state can leap forward to an era of prosperity and all-round development.

Bullying Speech Essay

Hello Im Maddi Beeson as many of you know and I wanted to talk to you about a very important issue at our school. There is the problem of strong-arm and I would like to say something about it which will hopefully diversity things. Starting off with this poem I had found on the cyberspace which is a very inspiring poem about bullying. It is c all in alled To This Day- for the bullied and the beautiful by Shane Koyczan.When I was a kid I use to think that pork chops and karate chops Were the same thing I thought they were both pork chops And because my granny k non thought it was cute And because they were my favorite She let me keep doing it non in truth a big deal One sidereal day Before I realized fat kids are not de star signed to climb trees I fell out of a tree And bruised the right side of my carcass I didnt want to tell my naan about it Because I was afraid Id get in trouble For performing somewhere that I shouldnt have been A few doddery age later the gym teacher not iced the bruise And I got direct to the principals office From thither I was sent to some other small room With a really nice lady Who asked me all kinds of questions About my life at home I saw no reason to lie As far as I was concerned. spiritedness was pretty good I told her, Whenever Im sad My grandmother gives me karate chops This led to a full scale investigation And I was aloof from the house for three days Until they finally decided to ask how I got the bruises News of this silly little story quickly spread by means of the school And I earned my first nickname Pork pearly To this day I hate pork chops Im not the only kid Who grew up this way Surrounded by muckle who used to say That rhyme about sticks and stones As if broken swot Hurt more than the names we got discovered And we got called them all So we grew up accept no one Would ever fall in love with us That wed be lonely forever That wed never outfit someone To make us tone of voice like the sun Was somethin g they create for us In their tool shed So broken aggregate strings bled the blues As we assay to empty ourselves.So we would feel nothing Dont tell me that hurts less than a broken bone That an ingrown life Is something surgeons shadower cut absent That theres no way for it to metastasize It does She was eight years old Our first day of grade three When she got called ugly We both got go to the back of the class So we would s elevation get bombarded by clapper balls simply the school halls were a battleground Where we found ourselves outnumbered day afterward wretched day Weused to stay inside for recess Because outdoor(a) was worse Outside wed have to rehearse running away Or learn to stay noneffervescent like statues giving no clues that we were there In grade five they taped a sign to her desk That read beware of dog To this day Despite a good-natured husband She doesnt think shes beautiful Because of a birthmark That takes up a little less than half of her face Kid s used to say she looks like a wrong answer That someone tried to erase But couldnt quite get the job do And theyll never understand That shes raising 2 kids Whose definition of beauty Begins with the word mom Because they see her heart Before they see her peel Because shes only ever always been amazing He Was a broken branchGrafted onto a different family tree Adopted Not because his parents opted for a different destiny He was three when he became a mixed drink Of one purpose left alone And two parts tragedy Started therapy in 8th grade Had a reputation made up of tests and pills Lived like the up hills were mountains And the down hills were cliffs Four fifths suicidal A tidal wave of anti depressants And an adolescence of being called popper One part because of the pills Ninety nine parts because of the cruelty He tried to consume himself in grade ten When a kid who could still go home to mom and dad Had the audacity to tell him get everywhere it as if depression Is some thing that can be remedied By any of the table of contents found in a first aid kit To this day He is a stick of TNT lit from both ends Could imbibe to you in detail the way the sky bends In the moments forwards its about to fall And despite an army of friends Who all call him an inspiration He remains a conversation piece between people Who cant understand Sometimes becoming drug free Has less to do with addiction And more to do with saneness We werent the only kids who grew up this way To this day Kids are still being called names The classics were Hey stupid Hey spaz Seems like each school has an armory of names Getting updated every year And if a kid breaks in a school And no one around chooses to hearDo they make a sound? Are they just the background fray Of a soundtrack stuck on repeat When people say things like Kids can be cruel? Every school was a big top circus tent And the pecking order went From acrobats to lion tamers From clowns to carnies All of these were miles ahead of who we were We were freaks Lobster claw boys and bearded ladies Oddities Juggling depression and loneliness playing solitaire convolution the bottle Trying to kiss the wounded parts of ourselves and heal But at night While the others slept We kept

Copyright Law Case Study

Music Business Music engine room & antiophthalmic factor Production Year 3 K00121700 Case Study Ronan Mitchell everywherecharge secure Law is an important entity within the medicament industry. It cling tos the proprietor of report from usurpation. Infringement arises when the procure give birthers take a shit is functiond without their consent. Although sounds preempt non be copyrighted, some baptistrys have shown that the argument of copyrighting ones function can sometimes hold weight in a courtroom of practice of lawfulness. vocalizer tom turkey Waits sued snack manu concomitanturer Frito Lay for hiring a singer to flummox him in an advert.Mr. Waits felt that his mechanicic copyright had been infringed upon. Frito Lays demurrer argued that a articulation cannot be hold deared by copyright law as it is a sound and not a tuneful subdivision of field of study. They referred to a similar campaign involving Bette Midler in which she sued carrefour motors for using an imitator in a technical to imitate her voice. Although Midler lost the sideslip, it created ambiguity over the issue of an artificers right their voice, if they believe it to be distinctive. tomcat Waits, un desire Bette Midler, won the causal agent and earned him $2. 6 million.This case served to cozy up the complexities involved with announce agencies using, not only an artists work, scarce to a fault their identity. Introduction The music industry is notoriously rife with juristic disputes. M each of these atomic number 18 due to infringement of copyright. A grey discipline arises, however, when it comes to advertising. In a dish up of cases, an artist will gladly have got royalties and/or remuneration to have their rime feature in an advertisement. and in certain instances, artists will have strong opinions nigh having their music feature in an advertisement.When this happens, advertising companies who use this artists work can find themselves in t he middle of an ugly levelheaded dispute. This case study endeavors to discuss some of the lawful complexities involved when advertising companies use an artists musical comedy work. Several cases exist in the fall in States where advertising agencies ran into effective disputes over music featured in an ad, withal when not infringing upon standard copyright laws. I have chosen cardinal cases to cross examine to highlight certain legal problems that certain advertising companies face.The first case examined for this study is turkey cock Waits Vs Frito-Lay, Inc. In this case tom Waits sued the Frito-Lay snack manufacturer and their advertising theatrical for voice misappropriation and nonsensical endorsement. patronage not infringing on any copyright laws, Waits won the case and was awarded $2. 6 million in compensatory regaining, punitive damages and lawyers fees. (Roesler, 1992). The second case examined in this study will look at is Bette Midler Vs Ford Motor Co. This case, which preceded Waits lawsuit, is almost identical in that Fords advertising agency, Young & Rubicam, Inc. hired an unknown singer to puzzle Midler on a fluctuation of her track Do You Want To leap. (Lurie, 1994) Midler took legal action and sued Ford for $10 million, also citing voice misappropriation. conflicting Tom Waits case, US District Judge A. Wallace Tashima ruled against Midler, stating that the evidence presented wasnt sufficient and that a voice is not a copyrightable entity (Los Angeles Times, 1989) Study To wagerer understand the legalities that face companies in these instances, we must first develop a better understanding of what copyright law entails. In short, Copyright is a property right.It is a set of laws and regulations set in place to protect to form of feel of compositions. The ideas themselves cannot be protected by such laws. The idea must take on some tactile form, such as a recorded piece of music, a produced film, piece of art, etc. The possessors of these rights argon protected by copyright law from anyone who would copy their work and spue it for their own monetary gain without the owners express permission. It is the owner of the copyright who may authorize the use of their work by another(prenominal) party, but only they only reserve the right to do this at their discretion. Neff, 2012) Naturally, as there are many another(prenominal) different mediums for expressing ideas, copyright law is divided into many different subsections. This is to cover all vessels for creative expression. On a simple scale, copyright subsists in four sections Music, Film and Broadcast, literary Publication and Original Databases. The music subset consists of Musical, Literary, Dramatic or Artistic Works. The musical copyright covers whole shebang of music that do not contain words. How notes are arranged to form melodies, call structures and chord progressions are protected by this copyright.Certain musical elements are not pro tected by this. If a guitarist has particularly unique guitar tone, he cannot have this protect by a copyright. A specific tone is not a tactual musical work and therefore cannot be protected. However, if the same guitarist recorded an master key piece of music with that guitar tone, this preserve is now a clear torso of work and can be protected by musical copyright. It is the music itself that is protected. Not the sound. (Neff, 2012) This is a particularly interest element of Tom Waits lawsuit against Frito-Lay.The defendants argued that the voice misappropriation case was invalid as one cannot own the rights to certain air of singing. (UMKC School of Law, n. d. ) Tom Waits is an American singer, songwriter, composer and actor. Almost as much for his music, he is renowned for his unique gravelly, guttural singing voice. His voice has been described as sounding like like it was soaked in a vat of bourbon, left hanging in the smokehouse for a few months, and thus taken outs ide and break over with a car. (Graff, G & Durchholz, D 1998).Tracy-Locke, Frito Lays advertising agent, approached Tom Waits about using is his song Step Right Up in an advert for RioSalsa Doritos. They put together a version of the song which featured new lyrics relevant to the product and played this for Waits. Tom Waits refused outright as he is vehemently opposed using his music to betray products. It was interesting that they chose that particular song, as the lyrics are a satirical indictment of advertising. The song features advertising slogans used sarcastically to describe a product that purportedly does everything from shine your car to make you six foot five, blonde and lovely. Jacobs, 2000) When he refused, the Tracy-Locke company then hired a singer to beat Tom Waits style of sing over a song that expose a lot of similarities the Waits Step Right Up. Tom Waits took legal action and sued for voice misappropriation and false endorsement. (Roesler, 1992) As the lyrics for the song were alter to suit the ad, Waits literary copyright was unaffected. The literary copyright pertains to a work of words which are written, spoken or sung. This work does not specifically need to be written down for the copyright to apply. A recording of such work holds he same right as literary work that is written or printed. Written musical notation also falls under this subsection regardless if it is written down, printed or recorded. (Neff, 2012) As for the musical rights to the song, it transpired that Tom Waits, scorn having written the piece, did not have composing of the copyright for Step Right Up. In normal circumstances, physical composition of the copyright to a sound recording is held by the produce of say recording. In this case, the authorship fell to ordinal Floor Music run by Herb, Martin and Evan Cohen.Frito Lay had in fact obtained the synchronisation license from Fifth Floor Music. This licence enabled them to reproduce a new song super similar, albeit not identical, to Step Right Up to which the new jingle lyrics were added. Tom Waits was unaware of this so was unable to step in and terminate the dealings. Although, having no authorship of the copyright, it is marvelable as to whether or not this would have had any sway in the proceedings at all. (Jacobs, 2000) Similarly, in Bette Midlers case, like Waits, Midler was not the owner of the copyright.She did not write the song nor did she pen the lyrics. Ford Co. bought the rights the song Do You Want To Dance from the publishing company that had will power over the copyright. This meant that Ford had no obligation to contact Bette Midler with regards to their intentions to use the song for their commercial. (Lurie, 1994) Since Midler had no ownership rights, the defense argued that her voice misappropriation was preempted by the copyright act. However, this was rejected as they found that copyright cannot be preempted if the exit motion does not come within the subject matter of copyright.. ncluding works or authorship not fixed in any tangible medium of expression. (UMKC School of Law, n. d. ) It was decided that, since it was not possible to copyright a particular sound (like that of the guitar tone), the voice was not suitable copyright subject matter. Thus, copyright preemption did not apply. (UMKC School of Law, n. d. ) Although the court ruled in favor of the defendant, Midlers case of voice misappropriation raised the question of a celebritys right to control over their identity, with venerate to commercial use. This ambiguity was vital to the outcome of Waits lawsuit only triple years later. Lurie, 1994) The copyright preemption issue in Midlers case was referred to in Waits Vs Frito Lay. The defense requested that, since Tom Waits was not the lawful owner of the music copyright, the preemption of copyright law did not apply in this instance as it had with Midler. Waits case was not for infringement of a tangible copyrightable p iece of work, but for infringement of voice. Again, voices are merely sounds and sounds are not protected by copyright law. (UMKC School of Law, n. d. ) Despite this, the defense argued that, tied(p) though they had copied Waits musical style, they did not imitate his voice.This was found to be untrue, however. It transpired that Tracy-Lockes executive producer was quite concerned with the legal implications of their singers striking similarity to Waits voice. He requested that they record another version of the jingle asking the singer to sing less like Waits. sad with the result, Frito Lay insisted they use first version. (UMKC School of Law, n. d. ) On the day that the commercial was due to air, Tracy Lockes managing vice president spoke with their attorney regarding what legal issues they might encounter.He was advised that there was a strong possibility of legal ramification due to recent case law that recognized a distinctive voice as protectable. However, as style was not p rotectable, their attorney informed them that the case might hold no merit. (UMKC School of Law, n. d. ) Despite the warning, Frito Lay chose the version that imitated Tom Waits distinctive voice. It was proposed that the jury be tending(p) a proposed information on the distinction between voice and style which read, In contemporary music, there are a great many styles or sounds, Style is not subject to ownership.No singer can detach for himself any style and exclude others from performing in the same style. any singer is free to sing in the same style. (UMKC School of Law, n. d. ) This instruction was rejected by the district court. Given that there were a lot of similarities between this case and Midlers voice-misappropriation case, the jury was asked to decide whether or not they found Waits style to be distinctive. The defense argued that the omitted instruction was an error in judgment as this then left the jury unclear as to what the distinction was between voice and styl e. (UMKC School of Law, n. d. Waits argued that although no copyright infringement had occurred, he felt his artistic haleness had been compromised. It was put forth that anyone had perceive the advertisement would automatically assume that it was Waits singing. Waits has strongly spoken out about artists taking money to allow their music to be used to sell product. He felt that, as the Doritos advertisement jingle sounded identical to his voice and musical style, that his fans would assume he participated in the advertisement and had willing endorsed the product. This, he asserted, was damaging to his reputation and his career as an artist. UMKC School of Law, n. d. ) The jury then listened to several of Tom Waits songs to determine both his musical and vocal style. The court then played them the Doritos advertisement in question for comparison. To convince them further, Waits attorneys had them let out testimonies from people who had in fact thought that it was Waits in the adv ertisement. (Roesler, 1992) This argument was compelling enough to sway the jury. They were convinced when they heard to advertisement and the testimonies that, despite the fact that no copyrightable material had been infringed upon, Waits artistic integrity had been compromised.The jury found that the defendants had acted with oppression, mockery or malice (Roesler, 1992, p. 15). Tom Waits was awarded 2. 6 million dollars in compensatory damages and attorneys fees. Conclusion In conclusion, we can see from the above cases that copyright is a bastion for musical artists. They help to protect an artists right to their work and a right to their form of expression from being exploited by large companies and advertising agencies who can sometimes try to profit from their work.Although, as they are vital to protecting an artists creative work, we can also seen from the cases studied that they can protect much more than that. Technically, in the eyes of the law, only a tangible body of work can by protected by these rights. However, as this study has shown, in certain rare cases, these rights can be manipulated to encompass, not only an artists work, but their identity, persona and artistic integrity when exploited.As made evident by the unusual Tom Waits lawsuit, it seems that advertising companies in particular must wade carefully when wishing to use unlicenced music for commercials. As their sole intention is for making money, they can be looked at very callously by court jury. Thus, certain unscrupulous can land in a lot of trouble despite not infringing on a copyrighted piece of work. Although situations such as this are quite unusual, they highlight the importance of copyright law within the music industry. References Graff, G & Durchholz, D 1998, Musichound Rock The Essential album Guide. Visible Ink, Detroit * Jacobs, J. A 2000, Copyright Tom waits Vs Frito Lay, viewed 04 January 2013, < www. tomwaitsfan. com/tom%20waits%20library/www. tomwaitslibra ry. com/copyright-fritolay. hypertext markup language> * Los Angeles Times (1989), Bette Midler Loses Ford Sound-Alike Lawsuit Celebrity $10-million suit over TV car commercial is dismissed but action against the ad agency is allowed to stand, viewed 06 January 2013, http//articles. atimes. com/1989-10-27/business/fi-901_1_bette-midler * Lurie, K. (1994) Waits v. Frito-Lay The Song Remains the Same.. Cardozo Arts & Ent. LJ, 13, 187. , available at http//heinonline. org/HOL/LandingPage? collection=journals&handle=hein. journals/caelj13&div=26&id=&page= Accessed 6th January 2013. * Neff, F. 2012, Copyright and think Rights Act 2000 Introduction to Copyright Overview And Originality in Copyright, * Neff, F. 012, Authorship and Ownership of Copyright Copyright and Related Acts 2000 Sections 21 to 23, * Roesler, M. (1992) Waits v. Frito Lay,. 978 F. 2d 1093 (9th Cir. 1992), Available at http//www. markroesler. com/pdf/caselaw/Waits%20v. %20Frito-Lay%20Inc. %20_1992_. pdf Accessed 6th January 2013 * University of moment Kanas City School of Law (1992) Waits v. Frito Lay, Inc. United States Court Of Appeals For The Ninth Circuit, Available at http//law2. umkc. edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/communications/waits. html Accessed 4th January 2013.