Classified

â€Å"The Lost Girl† Declamation by dhang I am a girl, young in heart and in mind†¦ I am carefree, I enjoy doing nothing but play,play and play†¦ I seldom go to school but hmp! nobody cares! Instead,you will see me roaming around standing at the nearby canto, or hanging around at the sari-sari store standing beside the internet cafe†¦ One day I asked, I asked my mother to teach me how to behave, to live, and appreciate all the beautiful things in life. Would you like to know what she told me? She said†¦ † Can’t you see, I have to hurry up for my majong session! † So I turned to my father to console me. But what a wonderful word he did tell me†¦ Child, I have to finish my overtime work†¦Here’s 500 pesos, go and ask your teacher about that question†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Sadly,I attended my class†¦ But I heard nothing but the echoing voice of my teacher,torturing me with her words†¦ † Hey yo lazy girl! Why waste your time studying those things? When up to now you can’t even multiply seven by nine? Go home and don’t bother me!!! † I am lost†¦confused†¦I don’t know what to do with myself†¦ Where are my parents to guide me? My teachers to give me inspirations? My friends, when I play? I’m lazy and irresponsible. When I try to study, I get punished for not being able to answer.Where now†¦I’m confused†¦ Somebody, please help me†¦ You say that the world is beautiful, why is it treating me this way? Hear me please! Help me please! Help me†¦ I am lost†¦ Short Declamation Piece: Desiderata Go placidly amid the noise and haste, and remember what peace there may be in silence. As far as possible without surrender be on good terms with all persons. Speak your truth quietly and clearly; and listen to others, even the dull and the ignorant; they too have their story. Avoid loud and aggressive persons, they are vexations to the s pirit. If you compare yourself with others, you may become vain and bitter; or always there will be greater and lesser persons than yourself. Enjoy your achievements as well as your plans. Keep interested in your own career, however humble; it is a real possession in the changing fortunes of time. Exercise caution in your business affairs; for the world is full of trickery. But let this not blind you to what virtue there is; many persons strive for high ideals; and everywhere life is full of heroism. Be yourself. Especially, do not feign affection. Neither be cynical about love; for in the face of all aridity and disenchantment it is as perennial as the grass. Take kindly the counsel of the years, racefully surrendering the things of youth. Nurture strength of spirit to shield you in sudden misfortune. But do not distress yourself with dark imaginings. Many fears are born of fatigue and loneliness. Beyond a wholesome discipline, be gentle with yourself. You are a child of the univer se, no less than the trees and the stars; you have a right to be here. And whether or not it is clear to you, no doubt the universe is unfolding as it should. Therefore be at peace with God, whatever you conceive Him to be, and whatever your labors and aspirations, in the noisy confusion of life keep peace with your soul.With all its sham, drudgery, and broken dreams, it is still a beautiful world. Be cheerful. Strive to be happy. Short Declamation Piece: Trades I want to be a carpenter, To work all day long in clean wood, Shaving it into little this slivers Which screw up into curls behind my plane; Pounding square, black nails into white boards, With the claws of my hammer glistening Like the tongue of a snake. I want to shingle a house, Sitting on a ridgepole, in a bright breeze. I want to put the shingles on neatly, Taking great care that each is directly between two others. I want my hands to have the tang of wood; Spruce, cedar, cypress.I want to draw a line on a board with a flat pencil, And then saw along that line, With the sweet-smelling sawdust piling up in a yellow heap at my feet. That is the life I want to be! Heigh-ho! Sleet and shift for the slippery climb, How they stop a fire, or tinker a tire – and pull into town on time. The city takes, and it goes its way, and the great dark hulks reload, While mechanics grease; and test, and check, to make them safe for the road; Then the crates are stacked and the boxes packed and the padding placed – and then The tailboards slam, and the trailers ram, and the great trucks roll again!Short Declamation: Man Upon The Cross Upon the cross against the hills of the night They nailed the man, and while they speared his breast they made him drink the bile. He bore the pains alone, alone But in the hallowed darkness saw Sweet Mary’s face upturned in grief below. Tears filmed her eyes, but love chastened the tragic beauty of her face which neither death nor sorrow could erase. He saw and feeb ly in the silence strove to speak a few remembered words: but now the whispers left his lips like tender birds. His arms were cold and death was in his eyes; the streams of blood were dry upon the whiteness of his limbs.His breath was like a wounded bird wanting to stay, to stay, bereft now Mary rose and treasuring his sorrow, left. Declamation â€Å"Their Only Son† You’re a hell of a cow-man, you are! You, and your yaller shoes! How would you look a-straddle of a Roman-nosed cayuse ! Where would you be in a round-up, or a mix with the Greasers, say ? Where is the boy I loved – the feller I sent away? He had some style about him! He was a boy! All through ! But he went away to college – and the college has sent back you ! I should have brung you a go-cart, not a real hoss to ride ! I reckon you’re God’s rebuke for me totin’ too damn much pride.For I was plumb proud of you- I grieved when you went away; I couldn’t say half the t hings I had in my heart to say; And-What is that thing you’re wearin’? A wrist watch! Holy cats! And what are them white things on you? What is it you call ‘em, spats . And why are your pants so tight? And why don’t they reach your shoes ? Gee ! But you would play hell on the back of a wild cayuse ! And when your poor mother sees you-Climb onto your hoss and ride ! Don’t you see the town-folks lookin’ ? Come on an’ let’s get outside ! If we’d a-stayed there much longer someone would have laughed, and thenI’d had to have started something I couldn’t undo again; For you are my son-God help me! – and no one may laugh at you And not have your father call him. This place we are comin’ to Is where that there young school teacher was caught by that Greaser band- Oh, well, we won’t talk about that. I reckon you can’t understand How a real he-man gets feelin’-Hold up! What is that a head? It’s the same band! Ridin’ for us! God! Look at ‘em ride and spread! Your hoss hasn’t had no rider-he’s fresh as he started out! Don’t ever take time to look when you get him turned about, But ride him like hell to town, and get out the posse–quick.Tell them to make the river and head off the band! I’ll stick. My hoss couldn’t make the distance ahead of that rush no how- And I never turned back on a Greaser! And I ain’t beginnin’ now! When it’s safe and the fight is over, come back where I am, and by The Greasers I’ve sent to hell you’ll see how a man can die. Tell your mother I thought about her-And give him the spurs and ride! Don’t you see them cut tin’ around us? Oh, God! With a he-man I’d Go through ‘em like hell a-poppin’! Go on! Make your get-away! What’s that you are sayin’ to me? Made up your mind to stay? You have ? Shoot yo ur hoss then!Shoot him! Here! Let me ! That’s the how! That’s it, get down behind him! Now for my own hoss! Now! What’s that you are handlin’ that way, and boldin’ so tight- my son? That one of them automatics? I’ve beard of that kind of gun! I wonder if you can use it-Hi-golly! You got that cuss ! I wish that your ma could see us! You bet she’d be proud of us! I’m strong for the old six-gun, son-Sho! That went a little high! I guess they have got your father-feels like a broken thigh- You got that one’s hoss that time! And I got the rider – dead! Say! We will go ridin’ bell-ward with half of that band ahead!And if your poor ma could see us-You got ‘im! You got ‘im! She When they have found us I reckon will be proud of her boy and me! What’s that? We ain’t got ‘em running’? The posse! And just in time! I reckon they’ll have to tote me; I ain’t in no shape to climb On a hoss; but, son, ride by me, I’m proud of the way you done! And your mother will be proud of you. The lord bas give us a son! And if the spats you are wearin’ and the pants you have on suit you I’m for ‘em! From bell to breakfast! And I’m for the wrist watch too ! And the boys that’s riding’ for us bas got to outfit like that, With spats and skin-tight britches, and rist-watch and dinky hat! Declamation Piece â€Å"I Demand Death! † My hands are wet with blood. They are crimsoned with the blood of a man I have just killed. I have come here today to confess. I have committed murder, deliberate, premeditated murder. I have killed a man in cold blood. That man is my master. I am here not to ask for pity but for justice. Simple, elementary justice. I am a tenant†¦ My father was a tenant before me and so was his father before him. This misery is my inheritance and perhaps this will be my legacy to my children. I ha ve labored on a patch of land not mine.But I have learned to love that land, for it is the only thing that lies between me and complete destitution. It is the only world that I have learned to cherish. And somewhere on that land I have managed to build what is now the dilapidated nipa shack that has been home to me. I have but a few world possessions, mostly rags. My debts are heavy. They are sum total of my ignorance and the inspired arithmetic of my master, which I do not understand. I labor like a slave and out of the fruits of that labor I get but a mere pittance for a share. And I have to stretch that mere pittance to keep myself and my family alive.My poverty has reduced me to the bare necessities of life. And the constant fear of rejection from the land has made me totally subservient to my master. You tell me that under the constitution, I am a free man-free to do what I believe is just, free to do what I think is right, and free to worship God according to the dictate of my conscience. But I do not understand the meaning of all these for I have never known freedom. I have always obeyed the wishes of my master out of fear. I have always regarded myself as no better than a slave to the man who owns the land on which I live.I do not ask you to forgive me nor to mitigate my crime. I have taken the law into my own hands, and I must pay for it in atonement. But kill this system. Kill this system and you kill despotism. Kill this system and you kill slavery. Kill this despotism and you set the human soul to liberty and freedom. Kill this slavery and you release the human spirit into happiness and contentment. For the cause of human liberty, of human happiness and contentment, thousands and even millions have died and will continue to die. Mine is only one life.Take me if you must but let it be a sacrifice to the cause which countless others have been given before and will be given again and again, until the oppressive economic system has completely perished, until the sons of toil have been liberated from enslavement, and until man has been fully restored to decency and self respect. You tell me of the right to life and liberty and the pursuit of happiness. But I have known no rights, only obligations; I have known no happiness; only despair in the encumbered existence that has always been my lot. My dear friend, I am a peace-loving citizen. I have nothing but love for my fellowmen.And yet, why did I kill this man? It is because he was the symbol of an economic system which has made him and me what we are: He, a master, and I, a slave. Out of a deliberate design I killed him because I could no longer stand this life of constant fear and being a servant. I could no longer suffer the thought of being perpetually a slave. I committed the murder as an abject lesson. I want to blow that spelled the death of my master to be a death blow to the institution of the economic slavery which shamelessly exists in the bright sunlight of freedom that is guaranteed by the constitution to every man.My dear friend: I do anguish from the weak and helpless and has laid upon the back of the ignorant labor burdens that are too heavy to be borne, I demand death! To this callous system of exploitation that has tightened the fetters of perpetual bondage in the hands of thousands, and has killed the spirit of freedom in the hearts of men, I demand death. To this oppression that has denied liberty to the free and unbounded children of God, I DEMAND DEATH!

CBT and Multi Cultural Influence

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in contrast to many other therapeutic frameworks has both an explicit rationale and an empirically demonstrable success rate. In addition to the wealth of published case histories there are a plethora of controlled studies attesting to the efficacy of CBT interventions with an equally diverse range of psychological and behavioral conditions. (Emmelkamp et al 1992). Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy that aims to help a person manage their problems by changing how they think and act. It is a problem solving approach which recognizes that clients have a behavioral difficulty rather than that they are a behavioral problem. It encourages them to talk about how they think in relation to themselves, the world, other people and how what they do affects their thoughts and feelings. CBT can help to change how a person thinks (‘cognitive’) and what they do (‘behavior’), thus helping them to manage difficulties and feel better about life. Unlike most psychotherapies which only work with talk and reflections, CBT regards behavioral acts as primary. Treatment involves clients engaging in personal behavioral experiments, ‘practice makes perfect. ’ For many behaviorally based problems such as phobias obsessive compulsive disorder bulimia and the like there simply is no substitute for this way of working. Direct behavioral experience is often the most effective medium for articulating change. Action, that is, sometimes speaks far louder than words. To benefit fully from CBT, clients need to be committed to the process, maintain any homework agreed such as keeping a diary or undertaking experiments/challenges jointly agreed and/or decided upon between client and counsellor. It can help the client make sense of overwhelming problems by breaking them down into smaller parts. The outcomes of homework are reviewed and feelings discussed at each subsequent session. Most importantly CBT is a collaborative and empowering process in which the client is an active participant. Autonomy: respect for the client’s right to be self-governing BACP Ethical Framework for Good Practice in Counselling & Psychotherapy. A principal goal of this collaborative process is to help clients effectively define problems and gain skills in managing these problems. As in other therapies, CBT also uses other elements of the therapeutic relationship, such as rapport, genuineness, understanding, and empathy. The number of sessions required varies greatly depending on the presenting issues/problems and objectives, sessions usually lasting from anywhere between six weeks to six months. The client is helped to see how their thoughts and behavior relate to the way they feel, how this might contribute to the problems being experienced and that it is not the situation itself making them unhappy, but how they think about and react to it. CBT can help clients find ways to change thought patterns and behavior and to solve problems and anxieties better, but it cannot remove the problems. The skills learnt within CBT are useful, practical and helpful strategies that once learnt can be incorporated into an individual’s life to help them handle difficult situations better when future stresses and difficulties arise. However there is always a risk that the bad feelings associated with the clients problem return, but with CBT skills it should be easier for them to control these. Even after the client is feeling better and sessions have ended, it is important to emphasis the need to practice the skills acquired. CBT focuses on the individual’s capacity to change themselves their thoughts, feelings and behaviors it can help to manage problems, such as anxiety and depression, so they are less likely to have a negative impact on their life. However because of its structured nature, it may not be suitable for people who have more complex mental health needs or learning difficulties. Some critics argue that because the therapy only addresses current problems and focuses on very specific issues, it does not address the possible underlying causes of mental health conditions, such as an unhappy childhood. Neither does it address wider problems in systems or families that often have a significant impact on an individual’s health and well-being. Research has shown that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be as successful as medicine in treating many types of depression and other mental health disorders it can be completed in a relatively short time compared with other talking therapies and because it is highly structured, CBT can be provided in a number of different formats such as through computer programs, groups and self-help books. Some research suggests that CBT may be better than antidepressants at preventing the return of depression. It is thought to be one of the most effective treatments for anxiety and depression. When considering the significance and use of Cognitive Behavior Therapy within therapeutic practice (as with any other modality used) it is necessary to consider the impact/context within todays multi-cultural society. Awareness of Multiculturalism provides a fourth dimension to the three traditional helping orientations psychodynamic, existential-humanistic and cognitive. All learning occurs and identities are formed within a persons cultural context. Cultural identity is dynamic and ever changing in todays society. Understanding the cultural and socio-political context of a client's behavior is essential to accurate assessment, interpretation and treatment. It is imperative as counsellors to have and maintain increased self-awareness, as an essential starting point in developing multicultural competence. The appropriate application of skills in multicultural settings depends on both cultural awareness and relevant knowledge of the counsellor. ‘it is incumbent upon the individual practitioner to be knowledgeable about his or her own multicultural reality in order to use that information effectively in work with clients of various ethnicities, genders, ages, socioeconomic classes, religions, sexual orientation, differing abilities, and with those who use different languages’ Baldwin 2nd ed (2000 pg 167) Recognizing the importance of the many variables within modern day society such as, ethnicity, nationality, religion, variables such as age, gender and place of residence status variables such as social, educational and economic, and affiliations including both formal affiliations to organizations or families and informal affiliations to ideas and a lifestyle is essential to the effectiveness of any counselling therapy. It takes a olistic and intuitive approach to work within todays multi-cultural society, respecting that each person has many different cultures or identities with each identity becoming relevant at different times and places. One example worthy of consideration is metaphors, clients often use metaphors within therapy, recognizing that metaphors are and can be culturally bound and reflective of particular values, for example ’time is money,’ is an important consideration when working with clients. Implicit in their use are models of perception, thus the phrase ‘things are looking up’ not only conveys the message that things are improving but also reflects the idea that ‘up’ is good. The identification of the color black with bad things is frequently used metaphorically, in a way which reflects and reinforces the negative connotation given to all people and things black. The power of metaphors derives from the models which they provide for understanding, thinking and communicating about the world. Multiculturalism emphasizes both the way we are different from and similar to other people and is a situation in which all the different cultural or racial groups in a society have equal rights and opportunities, and none is ignored or regarded as unimportant. Thus avoiding discrimination, whilst also appreciating the difference and diversity between people. Justice; the fair and impartial treatment of all clients and the provision of adequate services BACP Ethical Framework for Good Practice in Counselling & Psychotherapy. Culture provides an adult/child with a particular way of look at the world, thus emphasizing some tendencies to the development of schemas and or rules and assumptions. In some countries the culture is still quite autocratic and male dominated, therefore leading to ideas about the importance of men, yet others are characterized as competitive and or oppressive. All these factors will affect a clients personality and ways of functioning. As we become more of a multi-cultural society culture becomes an even greater factor in the therapeutic relationship today and worthy of much care and consideration. According to Beck et al. (1979) clients tend to suffer from a ‘cognitive triad’ of negative beliefs, which includes negative beliefs about themselves, the world in general and their future. Beck also outlines three more components of his theory of depression, including automatic thoughts, schemas and logical errors. Margaret Hough 2nd ed (2002 pg,139) A central focus of Beck’s work with clients is to helping them change their faulty cognitions, including expectations and beliefs, by enlisting the clients participation as a colleague and equal rather than one of superior (counsellor) and inferior (client). The counsellors role is that of teacher and a role model of positive healthy behavior, rather than that of expert, therefore this approach should work well when working with muti-cultural cliental and because of the structured nature of CBT it is a positive approach that bares tangible effective evidence to encourage a client to tackle the presenting problem. Although CBT does not look specifically at a clients past it does help a client to look more realistically at their outdated beliefs or schemas ( I am unloveable or I am worthless) often errors in thinking picked up in childhood and early life. As counsellors/therapists it is however necessary to have in ones mind and consider client ethnicity during the various phases of therapy, however typically I believe if we are to maintain equality, we do not directly need to address ethnicity or ethnic differences in therapy sessions unless it is clearly part of the presenting problem, but maintaining an awareness to a persons ethnic origin and differences is essential for good practice. That said, this modality (CBT) would also be extremely useful in highlighting not only unchallenged beliefs and or rules, (typically rigid over inclusive, impossible to attain) but cultural differences, logical errors in thinking picked up in early life that no longer benefit or support the clients desired way of functioning. Because the approach is directive and highly structured it involves asking clients detailed and specific questions about their current feelings, whilst also identifying any automatic thoughts, thus enabling them in becoming ware of how they think about a problem, how it affects them physically and or emotionally and what they can do to alter the outcome. When a client see the sequence clearly change is possible. By encouraging the client to look at particular situations that disturb or upset them important information is elicited so that problems can be clarified from the beginning of therapy with objectives being set accordingly. The highly active, directive an d educational nature of cognitive behavior therapy serves to show clients how they disturb themselves and what they can do to change attitudes and or beliefs for themselves that no longer work. When clients become aware that they are able change themselves feelings of empowerment become evident and rapid progress is made. CBT is, as previously mentioned time limited and because of this clients develop a definite sense of purpose and awareness relating to their progress, coping strategies and developing self-help skills. Curwen et al (2000) stress the importance of empathy in the relationship, Margaret Hough 2nd ed (2002) this is essential to building trust and a genuine rapport given that the work could be extremely challenging.

Penn State Scandal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Penn State Scandal - Essay Example On the hand of the social bond theory, the strong point is on the lack of social attachments amongst the juvenile delinquents. Effect on lives is as a derivative of friends, family and other members of social network (Rankin). The application of these theories supports the Penn State sex scandal. Penn state University being one of the best universities least expected such crisis. The society expects the athletics officials and coaching staff to be role models of youngsters. The university and the family of Sandusky had a blind eye in his association with wrong peers (Jenkins). In 1999 after the resignation of Sandusky, the Penn state football authorities still gave him access to campus premises and facilities. This gives him an open opportunity and advantage to make sexual advances to the boys. Gary openly assumes the Sandusky’s investigation. Instead of coordinating the solution to the scandal, he is a cause and only the bans Sandusky from bringing children to the campus. Gra ham Spanier, the president of the university neglects the report of crisis at an early stage that later deteriorates the Universities legacy (Frank). Reaction of the students has a basis as internal control in support of social bonding theory. Firing of Paterno had a controversial information upload. This was a weak unethical decision by the Penn board of state. The explanation was that the famous football coach did not act as a leader. His hesitation to report to the pre-informed case to police is a support of a crime. Paterno had the responsibility to his career goal as a coach and neglected organizational activities. Reputational recovery from the states university riots tarnished its image to a long-term crisis. There is also some information that Penn State issues is of a mafia family interest (Becker). This gives birth to reason as to why Paterno had no impact to make rather choose to be quiet. The two main characters behind the scandal are from the same school of thought and provide the solution to their problems in their own way. Some part of this case delay may be to avoid negative opinion on the University. This serves the same purpose as image restoring theory. This can cause pain and disappointment and fracture the relationship between the official and other involved parties. This serves as an indirect control of the case theory. Back in 2002, McQueary happened to report seeing Sandusky raping a very young boy in the showers of campus. He also informed Joe Paterno. Upon informing the director of athletics, Tim Curley and Gary Schultz who is the university police overseer, but the report did not appear before the prosecutor (Becker). The mother of the affected boy reported the case to the university police in 1988, but no step is into consideration. The university should have enacted sharing of information to students, stakeholders and proper audience to diffuse the crisis. This supports the tendency of criminal participation because Sandusky had no thing to lose from deferral antisocial behavior (Frank). Through the satisfaction of the involved parties needs, there was reluctance in the scandal investigation. Several influential people have supported the cover up of this scandal. The governor of the state who is the board of trustee assumed informing the authority (Jenkins). Even after clear evidence from the detectives who had eavesdrop of some conversation between Sandusky and the mother of the molested boy attorney Ray pressed no charges. Because of political and

4 books on writing comedy screen plays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

4 books on writing comedy screen plays - Essay Example This author explains the core components of comedy, as the author himself loves to read the funny aspects of books and to watch various funny movies. John Vorhaus emphasizes that the screen play writers should be creative and free from all the fears and troubles so that one should be able to develop appropriate comedian writing skills, which will help them to produce comedy, work. He has also provided various tools and comedy writing techniques in this book. (Vorhous, 1994) The screenplay that makes a person laugh is the successful piece of comedy. These screenplays have certain aspects which are important. Such secrets of screenplays which involve the excellent comedy work are given by the author Stuart Voytilla in his book of Writing the Comedy Film. He further describes as to how to create a good comedy and how to be successful in writing or producing various comedy plays. This book provides tips for writing comedy screen plays and teaches how to be creative through the way of comedian world. It consists of all the detailed facts and figures of comedy that helps its learners to understand the concept of screenplay writings in a better manner (Voytilla, 2002). Billy Mernit in his book describes the simple ways indicating how to write the romantic-comedy screen plays as he observed that it was the need of the upcoming generation. He has mentioned â€Å"seven basic romantic comedy beats† and five ways through which a person can learn to write the romantic comedy screen plays. This book is helpful for those who are interested in producing romantic comedy plays; it consists of the basic concepts of creating romantic comedy. The author also provides the history of romantic comedy in his book which gives a better understanding to the readers. This book provides it readers the right path when there is no way out of creating

The Nollywood Entertainment Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Nollywood Entertainment Company - Essay Example The popularity of the show business has shifted view to include commercially performing arts. These arts include musical theatre, film, comedies and music. These varieties of entertainment are produced and distributed to the masses (Allen 2005, pp 30). Background of the Company All my focus will be shifted to the film industry and specifically Nollywood. Nollywood is a Nigerian cinema company largest in Africa that grew quickly in the 1990s and 2000s.It is one of the best film industries in the world. A British daily newspaper The Guardian has rated Nollywood as the third largest in the world in terms of earnings and estimated the industry to bring in 200 million US dollars per year. This success can be attributed to Ghanaian movies too. Nollywood is an African success story (Ukadike 2003, pp20-40). Nollywood is termed to be second to only India’s Bollywood in distribution. The Nigerian film industry is popular throughout Africa and the Diaspora. Production Line Unlike music, production of movies does not take place in the studio. Movie shooting takes place in hotels, homes, and offices rented by their owners and appearing in the credit. Most popular locations are major cities and towns like Lagos. However, distinct regional variation appears between different movies. Nollywood mainly produces African films stared by African actors. Actors from other countries and continents do appear though not very often in some movies. These films range from, soap operas, comedies and even action movies television programs. The production arena is majorly towns in Nigeria though some movies have been shot in other towns in Africa as well as other continents. Operations Nollywood provides visuals about Africa for the world to see. These features include weddings, birth ceremonies, colorful fabrics, visuals of a culturally vibrant continent .Nollywood movies have tackled topics on issues such as resource control, armed robberies, corruption, HIV/AIDS and other matters t hat have a far reaching impact on the continent (Jumoke 2012, pp60-70). Nollywood most prolific auteur is Chico Ejiro who has managed to direct 80 films in a period of eight years. He even brags to be capable of directing a movie that can be ready in three days. His brother is the best-known director of the films outside the country. Many other Nollywood talents include actors and designers of the films (Wasko 2003, pp 40). The scriptwriters are also not to be forgotten. The films are produced with interest of the consumer at heart. Supply chain While Nollywood is largely separate from global cultural industry networks of production inputs and distribution it is an industry that is still globally liked in a number of ways (Madichie 2013, pp 604). Nollywood industry is constantly evolving with innovations and ideas to suit and fit the market. Once movies are produced, they need a perfect channel of reaching the market. While majorities of Hollywood films are shown in theatres and cin emas around the country, Nollywood movies are released to the internet daily to be watched free. The most popular place to watch Nollywood movies in the internet is a popular video sharing site called You Tube. There exists a channel dedicated to Nollywood movies started by Jason Njoku called Nollywood Love. The channel has dedicated itself to providing links to the best and latest Nollywood movies for its users. Lately, the Nollywood market has shifted over to the Africans in the Diaspora. The challenge is to how to curb every customer in the west, which has turned out to be the largest Nollywood market. Today though a majority of Nollywood movies

Paraphrasing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paraphrasing - Essay Example The purpose of the loans could be for activities that generate income and to establish microenterprises. The delimiting factor for microcredit is its focus mainly on the creation of credit without regard for alleviating poverty and assistance to improve the plight of the poor. The service offered from microcredit puts clients from the low income group to be more apprehensive in availing of this option due to lack of sources for repayment and perceived risk in debt. Having identified the evolution of microcredit programs from the early 1970s, their success have resulted in increased schemes until the mid 1990s. Providers of this type of credit have offered this particular financial assistance concurrent with development agencies with the strategy of alleviating poverty for the marginalized poor. Eventually, large organizations in Bangladesh that offered microfinance schemes were recognized internationally and provided the impetus for the first international summit to be organized and globally presented. Advantage of Microfinance In a discourse written by Remenyi that necessitated the review of thirty independent studies from diverse institutions offering microfinance programs, a significant increase averaging 20% in borrowers’ income was reflected.3 Likewise, the author indicated that the presence of common variables that influence the borrowers’ ability to improve their income, to wit: taking into account their target market, the level of skills, gender, marital status, and available support from external sources. In a related research, there has been a reported positive impact on security perceived by borrowers when there is ongoing access to loans. The experience from Grameen Bank indicates that borrowers who continued to avail of microfinance credit eventually achieved sustainability in food and assets such as livestock and rickshaws. An improvement in economic status of the borrowers was tantamount to an overall improvement in living condition s and the ability to purchase real properties. Thereby, successful microfinance borrowers were proven to have gained substantial security that prevented them to liquidate assets in times of emergencies and disasters. 4 Likewise, amongst successful borrower households in several countries, expanding employment opportunities and increasing hours of employment per week have also been noted. Accordingly, some of the social changes in Grameen Bank villages impact positively on the community as a whole, particularly the increased visibility and mobility of women. One study found that a significant change in household and community status could be derived by women who maintained control of their loans. There were evidences that indicate women manifesting direct correlation between having money and increased status and recognition. There were trends towards resourceful women who learn to use the loans â€Å"to empower themselves†.5 However, some studies reveal that â€Å"†¦It c annot be assumed that disbursing loans to women means either that they use them or are empowered.† 6 Disadvantage of Microfinance In many countries, diverse studies show that targeting women in microfinance schemes is a direct challenge to cultural norms. Without parallel programmes which address gender issues, this has resulted in increased intra- and inter-household tension. There had been reported cases of

Hourly Rounding in the ED by Staff Research Paper

Hourly Rounding in the ED by Staff - Research Paper Example One answer to this conundrum is hourly patient rounding, which shows promise in the achievement of both nurses and patient satisfaction. Positive outcomes of this system depend on the level of satisfaction felt by both the patient and his parents, as well as by the nurses. The earlier proposal dealt with the improvement of client satisfaction in the paediatric hospital’s emergency department. The study aimed at researching ways in which client satisfaction could be improved. It showed that in order for paediatric hospitals to offer optimal ED services, and also gain the guardians and children’s satisfaction, they needed to tie the rounds with clinical care, treatment procedures, nursing services, and waiting time. However, the proposal did not research on the satisfaction of Registered Nurses. This paper seeks to study satisfaction in the system from a nurse’s point of view and the effect on the patients. A previous study was conducted on the assessment and compa rison of a paediatric hospital ED’s overall department for both patients and their guardians (Nathan, 2002). It aimed at identifying healthcare aspects that influenced this group’s satisfaction. At the end of their ED care, questionnaires were administered, with survey instruments using a pain rating scale and an interval scale of six points. The questions involved their perception of interactive quality wit the attending doctors, adequacy of availed information, the child’s pain resolution, correlation between actual and estimated waiting times, as well as a comparison between fear, satisfaction and pain. The study validated earlier studies that had found a correlation between satisfaction of patients and interactive quality with ED personnel, adequacy of availed information, and, for the guardians, the time spent waiting for room placement, as well as that spent waiting to be attended by a physician. The study did not find a correlation to the total time sent in the ED (Nathan, 2002). The study found that pain resolution was associated significantly with patient satisfaction in the ED, which could be addressed via hourly rounding. However, this study did not deal with the satisfaction of the nurses, who are just as important in pain resolution through hourly rounding. The study discussed below used patients and nurses as the study group at the Hillcrest Medical Centre. An hourly patient rounding system was initiated at the Hillcrest Medical Centre in Tulsa (Melnyk & Fineout, 2010). Before the system was implemented, the Nursing Manager pondered the facilitators, barriers, and implications of the system that he needed to consider in order making it a success. After holding several strategy planning meetings with his nursing staff, the unit was able to pilot hourly rounding, scripting, outcomes, facilitators, barriers and procedures. The piloting procedure consisted of several sections (Frampton & Charmell, 2009). The unit was split into t wo, where one side consisted of techs and nurses who were to perform q1 hour rounding, while on the other side were nurses who gave nursing care in their usual manner. They also mounted a miniature small white board for every room so that the nurse attending the patient could write their name on it. Afterwards, the desk secretaries could tally the number of patients that made distress calls from both sides. In addition, the techs and nurses were in possession of a clipboard in every time which consisted of a time chart on which they registered each hourly round made. The techs were

What do the freedman's bureau papers tell about african american life Term Paper

What do the freedman's bureau papers tell about african american life in the reconstruction era - Term Paper Example This bureau was established in the year 1865 after a debate was raised against its establishment and it took care of all matters concerning the refugees who lived in the southern states which were mainly under reconstruction following the destruction of property and land after the civil war. The bureau depended on funds and stuff contribution since there were no funds allocated to it by the central government. Commissioner General O.O Howard took control of the freedman bureau after being appointed by President Andrew Johnson and he was assisted by deputy commissioners appointed by the senate of each of the ten states which were undergoing reconstruction. The freedmen’s bureau got its funds from selling and renting the land confiscated in the south during the war though the president returned the lands the initial owners which led to lack of funds to the bureau. This move by the president caused the crisis among the freed slaves since the land was also their source of funding also making the bureau strain in providing the freed slaves with basic necessities due to lack of funds. The freedman’s bureau is believed to have made a great impact during the reconstruction period by helping the freed slaves in reconstructing their livelihoods though it encountered the following difficulties which led to its failure in proving social welfare to the freed slaves.: 1. Lack of funds The main source of funding for the freedman’s bureau was selling and renting of the confiscated land after the civil war. This source of funding was cut short after the president returned the confiscated land to their original owners hence making it difficult for the bureau to provide the freed slaves with basic amenities since they were in the initial stages of reconstructing their livelihoods (Louisa 55–56). 2. Weak organization of the bureaus internal structure The bureau structure was made up of the commissioner who was appointed by the president the assistant co mmissioners appointed by the senate of the states under reconstruction and agents who were appointed by the commissioner and assistant commissioners. This mode of appointment intuited that the bureau was not an independent authority since the commissioners and their assistant depended on decisions made by the authority which appoints them. This prevented them from implementing their decisions, which favored the freedmen welfare (Freedman Bureau NP). 3. Opposition from conservatives The freedman’s bureau faced a lot of opposition especially from the senate members of the northern states. This made it difficult for the bureau to implement most of its projections, which had to be passed through the senate for implementation. Some of these projections included: provision of basic needs to the freedmen and freed women in southern states. Despite many challenges faced by the freeman bureau, it contributed a lot during the reconstruction period in Virginia states, which was among th e ten southern states undergoing reconstruction after the war (Freedman Bureau NP). The bureau helped the freedmen and women during reconstruction in the following ways: 1. Provision of social services During slavery, the African-American community was denied access to social amenities such as schools, hospitals, churches and entertainment. Establishment of schools by the Freemans bureau helped the African-American community to gain access to formal education, which enabled them to learn more of their history and helped them to integrate in the modern American society (Francis Rollin). The black community in America had been denied access to religion during slavery the freeman’s bureau helped to establish churches which gave the African community a sense of belonging to a particular religion

Cross Cultural Communication and Business Management Term Paper

Cross Cultural Communication and Business Management - Term Paper Example When manages successfully, it brings economic benefits. For organizations that send managers on foreign assignments. The cost can be high, as those managers need to adjust to their new environment. Cross-cultural effective communication is useful and worthy which can deal with conflicts that arise within multicultural. What would the ideal manager of international operations look like The ideal manager would have a "very good command of several languages and knowledge of and sympathy for several cultures" ( Hedlund 1986: 31 ). Some authors argue that these managers must become cosmopolitans, to grow beyond cultural limitations ( Harris and Moran 2000). To be "cosmopolitan", according to Webster's Third New International Dictionary, a manager must "be marked by interest in, familiarity with, or knowledge and appreciation of many parts of the world: not provincial, local, limited, or restricted by the attitudes, interests, or loyalties of a single region, section, or sphere of activity: worldwide rather than regional, parochial, or narrow." As if this were not asking enough of an international manager, Harris and Moran also distinguish between cosmopolitans and global managers. Global managers are cosmopolitans who have an additional facility for making appropriate business decisions anywhere that they operate. Given the near impossibility of either finding or developing such a manager, is it any wonder that we encounter firms of all types and classes making costly blunders in their foreign operations Business people today face an increasing range of culturally diverse situations. To ensure success in business, many organizations are using cross-cultural communication to improve their manager's cross-cultural effectiveness and enhance their communication skills. In a diverse workplace, there are many cultures collide. Many culture norms influence a manager's behavior and subsequent reactions (Gardenswartz L. and Rowe A., 2001).  

Theology of Death Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theology of Death - Essay Example Still, whatever we may think, death is with us virtually every day - in news reports, in films, books, and, sadly, sometimes right around us when somebody whom we have known passes away. That is why everyone is instigated by circumstances to form a peculiar vision of death, which could be called ones own theology of death. Personally, I try to base my theology of death not only on some banal reasoning but on ideas advanced by theologians and philosophers as well. For example, an interesting and thought provoking opposition of views on death can be found in the account of a symposium "Extended Life, Eternal Life". There, one speaker, a terminally ill Diogenes Allen, voiced his view of the fundamental inferiority of human life, which, if indefinitely extended, at some point would no longer be able to satisfy us because of its repetitious nature. This, as Allen reasons, turns death into a kind of blessing, as it finally opens the way for Gods perfect love, the tempting essence of which one may anticipate already during our earthly being. In his turn, another speaker Neil Gillman sees no redemptive function in death as he proclaims it to be mans enemy.

The Research Methodology Essay Example for Free

The Research Methodology Essay The Research Methodology The descriptive survey method of research was utilized in this study. A survey questionnaire was used to gather all the needed data. Information regarding the profiles of the respondents (student and the enrollment personnel), the status of the existing enrollment in terms of its resources used (personnel involved, machines and equipment, procedures and forms used), the problems encountered by the customers in the existing enrollment system were analyzed. The results of the study were served asa an input for management review and action plan. Fig.1 Flow of the Study Input -status of the existing enrollment process, problems encountered in the existing enrollment system Process -analysis of information base on the survey questionnaire, statistical computation, and interpretation Output -inputs for management review and action plan Environment Fig.2 Location Map of Cebu Technological University This study was conducted in CTU-Main Campus located along the corners of R. Palma Street and M.J. Cuenco, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000. There are four (4) colleges of the campus: College of Arts and Sciences, College of Education, College of Engineering, and College of Technology. Together with the colleges are the enrollment stations namely: Clinic, NSTP (first year), PTA, MIS, EDPO, Cashier, and Registrar. Respondents The respondents of this study were the customers of the enrollment process of the school, both the student and the personnel assigned for the enrollment process with the four (4) colleges of the school. Table 1 Distribution of Respondents Instrument This study used the research-made questionnaire to gather data that could provide the needed information. Procedure Gathering Data Random sampling method was used in gathering the data. Students belong to the day and night programs were also considered to determine the appropriate sample size and a 5% margin of error was used. The sample was drawn using the Slovins Formula. Scoring Procedure To facilitate the computation of the weighted mean, each weight was assigned to the scale eith its corresponding verbal description. a. On the Respondents Self-Assessment as to their knowledge of the equipments used b. On the Respondents Perception regarding the existing system c. On Possible Problems encountered in the existing enrollment system

The Slave Trade: British Industrial Revolution

The Slave Trade: British Industrial Revolution The debate over whether west African slave trade fueled the British industrial revolution or not has gone on for quite some time and will continue to do so for many more years. Research has been done, claims have been made, and there are arguments benefitting both sides of the debate. West African slave trade did, in fact, fuel the British industrial revolution and this can be found by researching the profits made by slave trade practices, the growth of two major British banks as the result of the profits, the growth of the transportation industry, the increase in overseas trade, and the support of the British people. The profits made by slave trade practices have been disputed by many historians with the argument that they have been grossly overstated. However, Barbara Solow, as cited by William Darity, Jr., uses the following quote to say just the opposite: If slave trade profits were eight percent of investment in Britain in 1770, is that small when today total corporate profits amount to forty percent? No industry manages as much as eight percent. Solows quote was made in 1980, so with the knowledge that no single industry was able to produce revenue of eight percent then, when industry was continuing to grow, it can be safely inferred that west African slave trade did provide significant profits that were used to promote the industrial revolution. Not only were the profits made by African slave trading large, but they were frequently invested into banks and textile factories, both of which were a huge part of the industrial revolution. Two of Britains largest and most successful banks, Barclays and Lloyds, each received a large amount of slave trade profits throughout the eighteenth century. Both of these banks, among others in Liverpool and Manchester, became very important to the industrial revolution as they were able to provide credit to new British industries as they were getting started. Although it is impossible to say that Britains industrial revolution would never have taken place if it had not been boosted by the profits provided by slave trade, it is easy to believe that it would have been postponed for a lengthy amount of time. The banking industry was not the only one that was launched during the time of slave trade. The transportation industry also grew. The growth of the transportation industry is quite easy to see in eighteenth century Britain because in order to go through the motions of triangular trade it was necessary for British crewmen to have access to ships. As more and more ships were built and then bought for use in triangular trade, it made it possible for the transportation industry to grow and, in turn, provide more capital for Britain and its growing industries, along with employment opportunities for British men. Although slave trade played a pivotal role in eighteenth century Britain, there were other things taking place that had a significant impact on society. Triangular trade, taking place between Britain, Africa, and North America, also played a part in Britains industrial revolution. According to David Richardson, the official value of British exports rose almost six fold over the century while imports increased over fivefold. An increase that large in the value of British exports results in another set of great profits being made, and many of the products that were exported could be tied directly back to the manual labor of west Africans purchased during the slave trade. Had the slave trade not taken place, Britains exports, imports, and trade in general would not have had the opportunity to grow as it did. Finally, the slave trade had the support of the British people. In 1788, Parliament held hearings on the slave trade practices and sought information to determine whether or not it should be abolished. Various people either testified or wrote letters to convey their feelings about the slave trade, and many expressed the view that abolishing slave trade would be detrimental to the health of Britains growing industries and society. James Penny wrote such a letter, and expressed his opinion by saying, Should this trade be abolished, it would not only affect the Commercial Interest, but also the Landed Property of the County of Lancaster, and more particularly the Town of Liverpool, whose fall, in that case, would be as rapid as its Rise has been outstanding. A second letter read, The effects of this trade to Great Britain are beneficial to an infinite extent and there is hardly any Branch of Commerce in which this nation is concerned that does not derive some advantage from it. As these are real quotes from British citizens during the time of the slave trade, it becomes obvious that the men working in the newly industrialized version of Britain felt that the countrys industrial success came about because of the slave trade. As mentioned earlier, the debate over whether the slave trade truly fueled Britains industrial revolution is not new. However, there is significant evidence pointing to west African slave trade having a profound effect on British industrialization, and this evidence can be seen in the profits made by slave trade practices, the growth of British banks as the result of the profits, the growth of the transportation industry, the increase in overseas trade, and the overall support of slave trade by the British people.

Analysis and Benefits of Smart Health Cards

Analysis and Benefits of Smart Health Cards Health Card Systems History: In 1993 Advantage Data Systems was founded to develop a smart card for the health care industry .The founding group consisted of health care professionals from private practices in Oklahoma city , Oklahoma U.S.A . These professionals had all experienced a need within their practice of medicine for a convenient method for patients to carry their health information. As practicing health care professionals, they were dealing with patients who could not remember their medical history or provide an accurate recollection of their medication or allergies on a daily basis. Providing patients with a tool to keep an accurate record of their medical history was the goal upon which Advantage Data Systems was founded. With this goal in mind several technologies were investigated in order to determine the one most applicable to the project. Although several technologies had positive attributes, a smart card for health care provide myriad of benefits. By using a smart card for the health care card, ADS could achieve its goal to provide a convenient and reliable method for patients to carry their medical history. System Definition: Its a patient identification card with high level of data and transmission security, large memory capacity, flexible programming options, and standardized interfaces. It contains all the health information about the patient. It helps to reduce fraud, streamline administration, improve communication, and enhance the quality of treatment. Our industry-specific, cost-effective processing, allows us the ability to focus on your unique requirements and to tailor our programs and services to meet your special criteria for processing. Take this opportunity to also understand why leading industry Associations, Organizations and Societies in the Healthcare, Personal care and Wellness markets have selected Health Card Systems for their own processing as well as endorsing and promoting Health Card for their membership. The flexibility of the HCS Patient Card also permits the storage of multiple access codes, allowing affiliated hospital sites and clinics with different computer systems to retrieve vital patient information from the same card. Worldwide, the costs of healthcare are exploding. The main reason is that advanced medicines and technology are boosting life expectancy. As people get older, the care they need becomes more frequent and more expensive. To be able to finance this positive effect of higher life expectancy, the existing healthcare systems must be made more efficient. One means is the introduction of card-enabled e-health networks. Why I need Smart Health Cards? There is much longer story why we dont already have Health Smart Cards in our pockets. It is not because of the technical reasons or cost of the system at all. It is more about politics, people resisting Smart Health cards fail to understand benefits such technology brings to the table. Smart cards would save countless lives if implemented. Consider this: Germany has population of about 80 million people. Until smart cards were implemented every year about 50-60 thousand people were dying because of medical errors, mostly wrong prescriptions. Sounds like awfully a lot of dead people and it really is! There were only about 5 to 6 thousands of deaths caused by traffic accidents in the same time, whole Germany. Now consider USA, population is 4 times bigger, if the smart health cards arent existing, you draw your own conclusions Comparing the situation at Palestine, there is occupation and Israels assassination of the Palestinians, so the hospitals could not diagnose the patients condition and to deal rapidly. So we need to use the health cards so as to treat patients rapidly as much as possible, to save the largest number of patients lives. Cards, by design, are protected against tampering; they cant be copied or counterfeited in any way. The smart health card has implemented in the whole Western Europe (Germany, France, Belgium, Austria, Slovenia), Taiwan, and Puerto Rico, Canada, Israel, South Africa, Indiamore. †¢ Smart cards are small, they fit everybodys pocket †¢ Smart cards are very secure, cant be read, copied, manipulated, counterfeited or duplicated †¢ Smart card protect privacy where needed †¢ Smart cards are re-writable †¢ Smart card can contain digital log with location, date, time, persons stamp to record every transaction †¢ Smart card can contain digital prescriptions, no mistakes with handwriting, quantity or quality of medications †¢ Smart health card could be used anywhere, on the street by medical emergency crew to quickly learn about allergies and treatments, even if injured person is un-capable to interact with anybody †¢ Smart card can be set that certain profile of medical personnel can see only certain portion of card data †¢ Insurance, administrative and personal ID data are available †¢ Long sign ups at doctors offices can be avoided, just insert card into the smart card reader †¢ Only after doctor presents his own medical professional smart card, his card and patients card verify each other. After cross-verification transactions can take place †¢ Small and inexpensive balance reader can read emergency data any time, anywhere †¢ Smart health cards speed up medical administration, put it in right format (HIPAA), process claims faster and more precisely †¢ Smart cards save hundreds of millions in administration, insurance, public funding, government money †¢ Smart health card is actively fighting medical fraud and critical errors saving money and lives due to the availability of emergency data. Smart card supports both languages English and Arabic. Also it has a huge database in compare with current systems which are programmed on access. It is easy to Update, Privileged Access, Accurate and Quick Registration. Electronic signing of the data can ensure that there is no subsequent alteration to guarantee the integrity of the records. Smart health card Increase in productivity among staff due to less time dealing with paperwork, so patients dont have to wait for service. Who will benefit from Health Smart cards? Every person giving or receiving healthcare (patient). Ministry of Health. Insurance companies or Government insurance institutions. Medical institutions. Government overall when cards are massively applied. When massively applied, every person in the country since savings will be huge. Benefits to the Hospital Huge potential for revenue growth in terms of loyal patients and other sources. Tremendous reduction of Doctors diagnosis and analysis time. Saves huge sums on avoiding unnecessary and voluminous paperwork and other administrative overheads. The health information of all the customers will be available in the hospitals system. Can ensure that the patients buy the medicines from pharmacies approved by the hospital, as they would have the Smart Card Readers. Prolonged medical attention cases like pregnancy, dialysis etc. can be tracked and checked for individual patients. †¢ A technical advantage over their fellow competitors. Benefits to Physicians Availability of current medical data at all times. Ability to obtain critical healthcare information from an incapacitated or unconscious patient. Improved communication and information sharing among healthcare providers, Physicians, hospitals, laboratories and pharmacies. Reduced administrative workload. Enables accurate data collection for research purpose, facilitating the evolution from Curative medicine to preventive medicine. Benefits to Patients Ability to carry their virtual medical record with them at all times and releases it to which they choose. Enables improved healthcare thanks to better-informed providers. Enables faster treatments in emergency situations. Eliminates need to remember specific terms, medications, and treatment names. Eliminates unnecessary treatments, repeated producers and tests. Benefits for Insurance Provider Faulty Claims can be avoided. Better Customer service. Who are potential customers to engage? Medical health insurance companies. Ministry of Health. Ambulances. Hospitals. Individual doctors offices specially Dentists. Pharmacies. What is actually written into the patients cards? o Cards are used as a secure portable mini data bases with: Card information (serial numbers, issuers codes and data). Personal information (personal data like name and address. Insurance information (coverage and insurance details). Emergency data. Medical data (information about medical conditions and treatments). Chronic disease info (patients data about possible chronic diseases). Diagnosis. Medications prescribed. How system works? Main software resides at hospitals computers. Applicant takes blank smart card and creates new Health card. Card is written with initial control data and is given to the hospitals. Hospitals takes card by card and personalizes cards by entering personal ID data and health data, and the insurance company add insurance details like type of coverage, contact details. They print card if its not printed already. Now card is given to end user. Now anybody with a smart card can walk to any hospital/ clinics/ pharmacist/ Insurance companies where the information of patients can be read, write and updated. patients carry the card with them at all times, giving medical personnel immediate access to their concise medical history, current medications, allergies, the names and telephone numbers of family or friends, and other information necessary for medical treatment decisions. The patients can avoid delay in admission, giving same answer again and again, doing same tests again. Doctors can easily know the medical history of the patient, the diagnostic reports etc. Health Card System: Cardholder uses card every time when he or she comes to health care facility. There are no forms to fill. Parts of the card may be protected by PIN that is known only to card holder. Doctors read a card and write back short notes if needed. They are also able to write prescriptions to the card. Same kind of information can be written into the data base so new card could be created in case original one is lost or stolen. If there is a prescription involved patient comes to Pharmacy and they are able to read portion of the card with prescriptions and hand out proper prescription drugs to cardholder. Some Questions that face us as interpreters 1. Is there a clear business case? Including financial and consumer behavior factors? 2. What type of information do we want to store in the cards (data or value)? 3. How many cards will be needed? 4. What are the security requirements? 5. Who will have access to this information? 6. Who will be allowed to change this information? FAQ About Health Card System?! 1. What happens when a patient loses their card? Card backups assure that the smart card system offers the same level of convenience as any other. If cards are lost or stolen, they can quickly be replaced. (And if a card is stolen, the thief cant use it or read any sensitive information from it because it is password protected.).In addition if a patient forgets his card for any circumstance, the hospital can access the system through the patients full name or identification number assigned to it. 2. If data stored on the cards is also stored on line as a backup, why do you need smart cards at all? There is an enormous difference between relying on smart cards as the primary source for data, and relying on a remote on-line source. Since smart card backup information is only accessed when cards require replacement, very high security measures can be put in place without affecting the flow of information in the system. There are many other benefits that come from the fact that backups in a smart card system can be batch transmitted, minimizing system telecommunication costs. 3. How can you save time and money by using Health Card System?! Access to previous examination results allows a faster diagnosis. Moreover, duplication of examination and tests of sure can be avoided. 4. How can programmer protect the special medical information of patients? At the beginning it should be noted that the role of programmer is to design a system to make it easier for the user to diagnose and treat at the lowest cost, time, and therefore programmed after the completion of the program and guidance on how to use the relevant categories in turn, enter data for each patient .. In addition, the paper files are currently used may be exposed to damage or loss or theft while the information stored on this system is fully protected. 5. Some patients need to seek treatment abroad. How can he get all the medical information about his health which already save on the health card that none of software can read it except yours that doesnt find abroad?! If the patient needs to travel out for treatment. The file of health history will print to him and stamped from the hospital and the Ministry of Health. Business Plan HealthTech Administrative Plan   HealthTech PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND: In 2009, We Think about this Idea for our country, because of specializing in creating an ideal fit of the Patient Identification Card with the existing (Hospital Information System). Our innovative marketing programs increase patient satisfaction by providing simple solutions to admission questions. The HCS Patient Card System provides reduced admission time and increase accuracy while strengthening patient loyalty. The flexibility of the HCS Patient Card also allowing affiliated hospital sites and clinics with different computer systems to retrieve vital patient information from the same card.   HealthTech Ownership: The Owner of this project are The CEO Hamza Hindi he gets the Idea and starts to do it by get a Hand of 5 people who liked this idea and start to do the idea to the real life which are Mariam Nuaimi , Vivian Khair , Haytham Sbeih , Rasha Al-Sabbah , Marwa Qaraqe. Hamza Hindi Put Cash money to do the project by 20% and the five by 30% and the other 50% is a fund from a Foreign Company. So it is Shareable Resources and Profit by many sides, all of us works to let this company success .and it can be an ideal way to get the most out of the investment by purchasing only the shares or time you require from an asset. All other aspects are split, both the benefits and the costs, among a limited number of shareholders or members in our company. Hamza Hindi: He has done his BA from Bethlehem University then worked for a Bethlehem Chamber Industry Commerce. Hes an excellent web designer. He has strong Photoshop and flash skills Haytham Sbeih: He has done his BA from Bethlehem University. He has worked on different platform including Java. Vivian Khair: She has done her BA from Bethlehem University. Mariam Nuaimi: She has done her BA from Bethlehem University. Marwa Qaraqe: She has done her BA from Bethlehem University. Rasha Al-Sabbah: She has done her BA from Bethlehem University. There are three main part of business at this moment and these responsibilities will be distributed as follows— Sales Marketing, Purchase, Operation and PR: All these activities will be handled by Rasha Al-Sabbah, Mariam Nuaimi, Marwa Qaraqe. Software development, testing, documentation and installation: These activities will be handled by Haytham Sbeih, Vivian Khair. Hardware, Integration and full service installation: These activities will be performed by Hamza Hindi.   HealthTech Vision : HealthTech will be a leader in health care quality and safety, recognized by all as the best place in the region to receive careand work.   HealthTech Mission : HealthTech will be a national leader in health care, exists to provide quality health services to all those in need.   HealthTech Values : HealthTech Health System realizes and is committed to the mission and vision through: Integrity: We are honest, open in our communications, and consistent in doing what we say we will do. Compassion: We provide a caring response to the physical, emotional and spiritual needs of all. Safety: We practice safety behaviors and error prevention techniques to ensure the safety of our patients, visitors and co-workers. Accountability: We accept individual and collective responsibility for everything we do. Respect: We recognize the dignity and worth of the individual, acknowledging the diversity of needs, experiences and talents of each person. Excellence: We strive to achieve the best in everything we do.   HealthTech Organization chart:   HealthTech Schedule of tasks and responsibilities: In our Company we have A CEO manager which will Perform Jobs and Duties for all other Managers and Staff, every Manager work on a plan which will be overview by the CEO, the other managers also watches the Staff and their work. HealthTech Schedule of remuneration:   CEO: Monthly Salary: 2500$ yearly Salary: 30000$ Works Five Days in a Week, about 6 hours in a day from 9-3.   Any under title of Manager: Monthly Salary: 2000$ yearly Salary: 24000$ Works Five Days in a Week, about 8 hours in a day from 8-4.   Staff : Monthly Salary: 1000$ yearly Salary: 12000$ Works Five Days in a Week, about 8 hours in a day from 8-4.   Cleaners And Service sector : Monthly Salary: 263$ yearly Salary: 3156$ Works Five Days in a Week, about 8.5 hours in a day from 7.5 4. Marketing Plan â€Å"Depends on 4Ps† PRODUCT   What is the Product? Its a patient identification card with high level of data and transmission security, large memory capacity, flexible programming options, and standardized interfaces. It contains all the historical medical health information about the patient, such as: blood group, diseases, medicines and all allergic cases that must be noticeableEtc. Cards, by design, are protected against tampering; they cant be copied or counterfeited in any way. Smart cards are small; they fit everybodys pocket so the patient can move without fatigue or discomfort.   What is the name of the Product? Heath Card System.   Is the Product seasonal? No. Because it is used over time.   Does the consumer remember the name of the Product? Yes, he remembers it. The name of the product is easy and related to its use.   The life cycle of the Product? The life cycle of the product is related to the patient life. So, when the person died his card is discarded.   Is it possible to add new elements to the product? Yes, we can update the software as the new needs of customer which may face us such as: Adding new fields to the system, improve the interface of the system and the card, online service provider.   What is the extent of customer satisfaction to the product? By the result of the questionnaire which contains 100 samples. We found that 92% of the Palestinian nation is accepted the idea and they are ready to support and use this product.   Is the target group is sensitive to quality? Yes of course the group is sensitive to quality. PRICE: What is the strategy that you want to follow in order to set price? Since we are trying to provide common product for all the customers we will have similar price for every target customers. But not all the target customers welcome our idea with the same excitement; in that case we will go for making facilities for our customers. We have basically three offers- Software, Readers and Cards. The software will be sold and installed at 3 price levels, for hospitals at $20,000, pharmacies at 2,000, medical centres and insurance companies at $5,000. The reader will be sold at 32.5% margin which will come around $33. The card will be sold at $1.5. Moreover, we must notice the breakeven point in order to determine our profit.   What are the considerations that need to be considered when pricing? In order to set the price we have to take in consideration: 1) Cost: The Pricing structure must cover all costs and provide an acceptable profit margin. 1. Research and Development department costs. 2. System Analysis costs. 3. System Design costs. 4. Programming hardware and software costs. 5. Machines needed such as: card readers, smart cards and Computers costs. 6. Wages costs. 2) Competitor prices: Its important to consider the competitor price. However, theres no direct competition so we are free to set our price. 3) Image: In order to make our customers perceive our product as a high quality items are best to be set. 4) Channels of distributions: There is no need to consider it because our distribution model will be of direct selling. v What are the prices of competition goods? There are no direct competition goods. We have indirect competitor which is any company that use smart card and readers. Most of these players are for other businesses like software development, campus, hotels, ATM machines, reader and they are interested in bigger projects. Names of indirect competitors: Palestine Elevators Company. Israeli Companies Al-Quds elevators Company. v What are the strengths and weaknesses of competitors? Most are the competitors who are in the market are well established player in the market in the related businesses. They have good relationships with the existing suppliers but they are not concentrated in Smart Card business only, especially Health Smart Card is hardly a good idea for them. They chase the big projects only. We will have solution for small players at very small cost. We will make money in readers and smart cards. Simultaneously we will focus big hospitals for their turnkey project. So far not a single player who is in Health Card provide these information on net, we will differentiate there and will provide full information on the network which will be accessible by log in. This is the right time to enter into Health Care Smart Card where one side standard of living is increasing on the other hand people are becoming more aware of the health. v Who is your target group? The target customers include patients who need to go to hospitals, diagnostic centres, Clinics, Pharmacy, Insurance companies. So, our target could be the end users (patients) which is 2448433 person or the organizations and companies such as hospitals which are 52, Medical centres which are 537, Pharmacies which are 910, Insurance companies which are 8 in west bank. We will begin in the big cities like Ramallah, AlKhalil and Nablus and then continue to the rest. v What is the income level of the target group? According to the result of our questionnaire the income level of the target group (end users) is between 1000-3000 Nis. v What are the costs to produce the Product? $3804280 which is the Cost of research, programming, machines and cards, implementation, testing and maintenance. v Is the Product essential or a luxury good? It is essential because by using this system we can save life, time and money. v Is the target group is sensitive to price? No, it isnt. v To what extent the price reflects the quality of the product? High quality product means higher price to be set. PROMOTION v What is promotion? Promotion involves disseminating information about a product, product line, brand, or company. v What is the purpose of the promotion process? To persuade the target markets to use this system which enabling people to increase control over the determinants of health and thereby improve their health .To reach a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being an individual or group must be able to identify and realize aspirations, to satisfy needs and to change or cope with the environment. v What is the policy that we want to follow? 1. We will have a website which will have all the information of our products and services. Later on, we will strengthen our websites by storing patients information online. In our websites we will also provide general information about the health care facilities in Palestine, about different diseases, different health care professional, about diagnostic centres chemists. 2. Moreover, We will directly go to the customers and present our product and services by Work shop. 3. We will leave brochures and leaflets to the hospitals, pathology labs chemists. 4. In addition to, we will use posters at different cities. 5. By Media: newspaper, medical magazines, Jawwal sms, T.V., Radio and Facebook we can spread our idea and promote to the product. 6. Also, We will take help of Specialist who are already working in different companies to advertise our product and services 7. More than everything we will focus on mouth publicity by providing excellent product and services at affordable prices. v What is the budget established for the promotion? About $114054 for the first year, $29000 for the second year and $10416 for the third year. v How to distribute those elements of the budget on promotion? By printing brochures, hosting server for a website, posters, newspaper, medical magazines, Jawwal sms, T.V. and Facebook etc. v What a way of promotion is the most appropriate for the target group? By meeting teams of hospitals in order to persuade them and showing them how the system will benefit them. Moreover, we can reach to the end users by posters and Jawwal sms. v What is the time plan for the promotion? 9 months Place: We will target all west bank, we will begin in the big cities like Ramallah, AlKhalil and Nablus, after that we will penetrate the other cities. And because we will be targeting all hospitals and health centers, it would be easy for people to access to hospital nearby and get the product. For long term goals we want to be the sole Health Card provider in the country and to penetrate other health sectors. How will the product/service be distributed? Which partners will be needed in the distribution channel? Our distribution model will be of direct selling. The selling person from the company will be directly going to the customers and presenting our product and services. We will provide them after sale services. After serving a reasonable market in a city we will have branches in different part of the city so that customers can easily avail our services. Analysis of SWOT 1) Strength: The strength of Health Card System entering into the Palestinian market at this time is a good one for it, since there is absolutely no competition in Palestine at the time. So, HCS is the first system which enters into this market; we will have established much strength that allows us to remain ahead of the competition. So, we will be as monopolist. Our brand name will stuck in customers mind as a good image. Moreover, this system is designed by our company so we dont buy it from foreign programmers. In addition, our system supports both languages English and Arabic. Also, the security pattern is so strong so no one can hack our system. 2) Weakness: First of all Governments ability may not support our system because of its high expenses and costs. In addition our system isnt international one; so if the patient needs to travel abroad he will take his medical file as papers. 3) Opportunity: First of all we can spread our product in order to penetrate all the cities of Palestine. We have a good chance by target the Arab World. We also have the opportunity to develop brand loyalty by offering smart cards that really will save human being life, time and money. In addition, we can improve this system so as to be credit/debit system. 4) Threats: The threat that might face us is the new entrants to the market that threaten to erode the market share. So the competition will increase. May be that other systems will be more available so the customers have a wider variety of choices. Identity theft is also could be a threat that faces us and the consumers. Production Plan: 1- Production Process: Health system production occurs at three levels which are: primary, secondary and tertiary. The primary level finishes after having all the materials which are important in order to start applying our programs such as: computers, certain software, smart cards, and smart card readers. Secondary production includes the production of programmable software of the health card system. The final step is how to make the card readers are ready to be used by hospitals (program the hardware). 2- Fixed Assets: Building à   Monthly rent: $500 Machinery, other equipment, tools 3 computers: $2280 1 laptop: $1185 1 Scanner: $80 1 Printer: $130 Total: $3765 Furnishings (including for office and warehouse):$ 3947 Motor vehicles (Car):$10000 Lifetime of the fixed assets is range between 5-10 years. Payment Conditions: The payment condition is cash. 3- Suppliers: The raw material suppliers will be determined via internet and we will contact them over there. Actually, we will import the raw material â€Å"Card-Readers the smart cards† from China so there will be shipping cost and delivery time which we must take into consideration. The cost of the card-Reader is $24.95 and we decide to sell it in $33 so as to gain 32.5% profit in one reader. On the other hand, the cost of card is $0.70 and well sell it in $1.5. 4- Licenses and Permits Required: Licensing requirements Permits: We need license from the Ministry of Health in order to apply our system nationally. In addition, we need permits of Chamber of Commerce to start our job and having certificated employment contract, and from municipality as to have work permits. Workplace or environmental regulations: We also need a lease in order have the office and start working Insurance coverage: Indicate that we have insurance on the shipping raw material, our office and our health (with NIC national insurance company). 5- Labor Costs: Our workforce costs is $150000, insurance costs is $5760. 6- Location Facilities: The location of our office is convenient to our customers; it is located at the center of Bethlehem at AL-Mahed Street where the parking is available. According to our office it will be pro

Comparing Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale and Michael Radfords F

Margaret Atwood’s depiction of the future in The Handmaid's Tale is extremely bleak and forlorn; this oppressive atmosphere has been created by the development of an independent nation - Gilead - inside the U.S, which is governed by a totalitarian fundamentalist Christian sect. This dystopian text is the brainchild of a series of experimental social ideas which have given birth to a science-fiction novel, which satirises mainly the folly of human characteristics rather than the misuse of technology. Another related text is 1984 the film which was directed by Michael Radford who also envisioned the future as being extremely dark and oppressive; as it depicted in his film adaptation of 1984 the novel, by George Orwell. Several language and film techniques were employed by Margaret Atwood and Radford, such as metaphorical imagery, satire and irony, so that it was possible for the audience to delve deep into the protagonist's mind and understand the world they live in from their perspective. The atmosphere of oppression in The Handmaid's Tale effectively shapes the society of Gilead, as Offred metaphorically describes the life of each individual as being similar to "a rat in a maze †¦ free to go anywhere, as long as it stays inside the maze", the maze representing the laws and boundaries of Gilead. Language is used to convey individual opinions and express emotions and feelings; because of this the government of Gilead have attempted to eradicate it, so no revolutionary literature may arouse the mind and create any doubt concerning the integrity of the Gilead and its laws. "Words like free" are "considered too dangerous" because these words encourage thoughts of freedom and individuality which are prohibited since Gilead reli... ...aphorically represent the hope of freedom. We are shown through the metaphorical imagery of the shattering of the pink coral, that this hope is impossible. Ultimately both â€Å"1984† and â€Å"The Handmaids Tale† fulfil the purpose of ominious prophetic texts that have portrayed a dystopian future, a future filled with oppression, corruption and misogyny in the case of The Handmaid's Tale. The governments of Gilead and Oceania have succeeded in brainwashing their citizens by isolating them and attempting to abolish language which would make it impossible for any outcry to be heard or even expressed. Both Atwood and Radford created these texts during times of peril, with the intention of having them serve as ominous reminders of what would become of society if any doctrine was to be enforced by a totalitarian body which withheld all authority without being challenged.

Bush donate a buck to the Africa :: essays research papers

AIDS IN AFRICA: Mission Control - Pres. Bush's plan to triple US spending on fighting AIDS in Africa President Bush's new $15 billion AIDS-fighting initiative for Africa will triple U.S. spending on the crisis. It is a "work of mercy," says Bush-a mission-one undertaken by a "blessed country" that recognizes its moral responsibility to help the wretched of the earth. It's no surprise that Bush speaks of the plan in the language of religious mission. He himself is a believer, and his decision to commit massive resources to the African catastrophe reportedly was influenced by his meeting with evangelical Christian leaders. We applaud the president's tender heart for suffering Africans, but we hope he keeps a hard, clear head as the program is implemented-and that he stays in close touch with those evangelicals. As our Rod Dreher reported in NR's last issue, experts have had solid evidence for at least a decade that the only effective way to arrest the HIV infection rate in Africa is with an education program emphasizing abstinence and fidelity, with condoms as a safety net should the first two strategies fail. Uganda, almost alone among African nations, tried this approach, working closely with religious groups preaching traditional morality. Most other African nations followed the condoms-only advice of Western experts. Result: HIV infection rates peaked in Uganda in the early 1990s, while the crisis in the rest of Africa raged out of control. Behavioral change is the only thing shown to have worked to bring down HIV infections in Africa. Yet this is the strategy that the vast majority of the Western AIDS establishment-doctors, scientists, public-health bureaucrats, donor organizations, activists-resists with all its might, in large part because it sees this approach as "moralizing." If the president wishes to avoid throwing good money after bad, these experts must not be allowed to continue excluding proven behavior-change strategies from their AIDS-fighting arsenal. Fully half the budget of the new program will go to pay for anti-retroviral drug therapy for those already suffering from AIDS, which would reduce their infectiousness. This is needed, as are the monies set aside for other medical interventions. (We trust, however, that the administration will work to make sure that any legislation precludes the possibility that AIDS funding will be diverted to the promotion of abortion.

Junot Diaz Bio Essay

Lent DDS was born In the Dominican Republic and raised New Jersey. He Is a creative writing teacher at MIT and fiction editor at the Boston Review. He also serves on the board of advisers for the Freedom university, a Volunteer organization in Georgia that provides post-secondary instruction to undocumented immigrants. From what I have read I have gathered that he really had to rely on himself. Getting him through college working the Jobs where you have to do the dirty work, dishes, and pumping-gas. Supposedly Drown reflects Diaz’s strained relationship with his own father, with whom he no longer keeps in contact with. Diaz was born in Villa Juana, a neighborhood in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. He was the third child in a family of five. Through most of his childhood he lived with his mother and grandparents while his father worked in the united States. Diaz emigrated to Parlin, New Jersey, in December of 1974, where he was able to reunite with his father. He lived close to what he considered one of the largest landfills in New Jersey. His short fiction has appeared In The New Yorker magazine, which listed him as one of the 20 top writers for the 21st He has also been published in Story, The Paris Review, and in the anthologies The Best American Short Stories four times (1996, 1997, 1999, 2000), The PEWO. Henry prize stones (2009), and African voices. He s best known for his two major works: the short story collection Drown (1996) and the novel The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao (2007). 80th were published to critical acclaim and he won the 2008 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for the latter. Diaz himself has described his writing style as a disobedient child of New Jersey and the Dominican Republic If that can be possibly Imagined with way too much Diaz has received a Eugene McDermott Award, a fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, a Lila Acheson Wallace Readers Digest Award, the 2002 PEN/Malamud Award, the 2003 us-Japan Creative Artist Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts, a fellowship at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard university and the Rome Prize from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. He was selected as one of the 39 most important Latin American writers under the age of 39 by the Bogota World Book Capital and the Hay Festival. [18] In September 2007, Miramax acquired the rights for a film adaptation of The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao. [19] The stories in Drown ocus on the teenage narrator’s impoverished, fatherless youth in the Dominican Republic and his struggle adapting to his new life in New Jersey. Reviews were generally strong but not without complaints. 20] Diaz read twice for PRI’s This American Life

Trap Ease America.

Trap-Ease America 1. Martha and the investors in Trap-Ease seem to face a â€Å"once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. † What information do they need to evaluate this opportunity? What do you think the investor group would write as its â€Å"mission statement? † The information that is needed for Martha and her investors to evaluate their opportunity is setting attainable objectives and goals for their product. Their Mission statement would probably be â€Å"To help you control your pest problem with ease. † 2. Who is identified as Trap-Ease’s target market?Are there other possible market segments that the firm could target? Trap-Ease’s target market is geared toward women, because they are the ones that are home with the kids and are a safer alternative when it comes to kids and mouse traps. There are other Targets, such as farmers. 3. How is the product positioned relative to the selected target market in the case? Are there other ways to position the p roduct? The placement of the Product in various Stores such as KMart, grocery stores, and the drug stores are great, because women are most often in those places doing shopping for household items.They could have created some kind of infomercial to get TV viewers attention. 4. What marketing mix has Trap-Ease established? Do you see any problems with this mix? Trap-Ease and an integrated marketing mix, they had a good Product, at a reasonable Price, they were available at different Places, and the Promotion was through the publicity it had gotten. 5. Who is Trap-Ease’s competition? Trap-Ease’s competition is Producers of the traditional spring-loaded traps.

More and More on Technology Essay

They are the ‘machines’ which just receive their leaders’ requirements and relying on machines to complete without thinking. Becoming shortsighted and lose their belief, human act just for only financial purpose, regarding the progress and the negative effects. There have been many crises appearing one by one at the aspect of environmental pollution, religious conflicts and the injustice in the social wealth. For example, the Rhine has lost the beauty described by Friedrich HÃ ¶lderlin, a major German lyric poet, and been forced to be cut off and be a hydropower station to produce electricity as a slave to sever for human. Nature has changed its role, losing its previous holy, and become a serious of progress of being exploded, transformation, storage and distribution. There is not anybody like the Indians in New Mexico, refusing to use steel plough to tillage. Why? Is it just a rejection of using the plough? It’s absolutely not. At the aspect of Indians, land is their mother and they should respect and protect her as a part of their bodies and using the steel plough to cultivate the land equals to doing harm to their mother. Itis not a foolish behavior. In contrast,it completely shows they still have the loyalty and the pure soul comparing with those numb people lost in the frigid material world. What’s more, human are just rescued by technology but lose in their own dilemma created by themselves. For women, suffering from the twisted complex ethics and aesthetics, they are on the heavier social pressure of every behavior given by the followed medium. Even the weight, the figure and the action of the every part of their body are strictly required and involved in their ethics. They have to limit their desire to make the body slim and the culture of blind diet and losing weight, causing women live in a nervous station and get psychological disease. To sum up, technology, different from machine, is a dynamic progress where human use machine system to communicate with the nature to balance the relative relationships. It is a positive product of human exploring the objective world but human cannot rely on to seriously. Though most of people are the user of new technology and not the finder, our thought should not be limited by technology. We should consider how to use the technology to make the world harmonious and serve human more effectively.

Quality and patient safety in USA Essay

The purpose of this article is to drive attention to rising issues of quality care and patient safety in United States. In spite of launching major initiatives and investing heavily in recourses to improve patient safety, there has been no significant improvement in health care quality in past decade1. One of the challenges in measuring quality are developing accurate data system. Avoiding surgical complications by implementing WHO checklist guidelines, effective use of computerized physician order entry and electronic health records can foster safer, high quality care. Current state of quality and patient safety in USA Americans too often do not receive care that they need, or they receive care that causes harm. Care can be delivered too late or without full consideration of a patient’s preferences and values. Providers frequently overuse therapies that are not known to be effective, underuse therapies that are clearly recommended, and misuse therapies. At best, overuse of care leads to inefficiency and waste. Overuse may also threaten patient safety. Underuse represents missed opportunities to prevent disease or treat it effectively, and misuse may threaten patient safety and lead to additional illness, injury, or even death. In December 1999, the institute of medicine reported that medical errors cause up to 98,000 deaths and more than 1 million injuries each year in the United States2. From 2001 to 2005, total annual health care expenditure increased at a rate of 4.6 times the rate of the increase in the summery measure of quality of care. Annual total health care expenditures rose 6.5% (in 2005 dollars). During this time same period, quality increased at a rate of 1.4%. For heart disease, cancer and diabetes individually, quality increased at a rate of 2.6%, 1.9% and 0.1% annually, respectively. Expenditures increased at an annual rate of 4.4%, 9.0% and 4.9%, respectively3. Many times, our system of health care  distributes services inefficiently and unevenly across populations. Some Americans receive worse care than other Americans. These disparities may be due to differences in access to care, provider biases, poor provider-patient communication, or poor health literacy4. Disparities in quality of care are common: Blacks received worse care than Whites for 41% of quality measures. Hispanics received worse care than non-Hispanic Whites for 39% of measures. Poor people received worse care than high-income people for 47% of measures4. Challenge in quality measurement Health care quality measurement has long been a troublesome issue. The first hurdle is deciding what to measure and how to measure it. Once performance measure topics and technical specifications are finally agreed on for a given healthcare setting, the next—and biggest—problem is getting accurate, complete data quickly enough to derive useful measurements. Primary review of medical records, which are still overwhelmingly paper-based records, is often the only way to collect data with the level of clinical detail needed to assess care. This is extraordinarily labor intensive. Data gaps represent an area of major concern to multiple stakeholders and encompass a diverse array of data elements. Some data elements necessary to assess and improve quality of care are simply not available to those responsible for quality measurement and improvement activities both within and outside payer and/or care delivery organizations5. These data gaps are attributed to a number of different factors, including the burden of data collection; technology barriers to data collection; legal and/or technical barriers to sharing data among multiple clinicians or organizations involved in delivering or managing the care of a patient; and differing priorities among suppliers and users of the data5. Another challenge to quality measurement is to ensure the accuracy of data used to provide information about quality. Inaccurate data may result from several sources including: random or inadvertent errors by data collectors, missing data, inconsistent use of definitions and criteria for inclusion, inappropriate aggregation of data, and systematic miscoding6. Improving Quality and patient safety Surgical care and its attendant complications represent a substantial burden of disease worthy of attention. Surgical complications are a considerable  cause of death and disability around the world7. Data suggest that at least half of all surgical complications are avoidable8. Previous efforts to implement practices designed to reduce surgical-site infections or anesthesia-related mishaps have been shown to reduce complications significantly8. A growing body of evidence also links teamwork in surgery to improved outcomes, with high-functioning teams achieving significantly reduced rates of adverse events8. Implementing the 19-item WHO safe-surgery checklist can significantly reduce surgical complications and morbidity. The checklist consists of an oral confirmation by surgical teams of the completion of the basic steps for ensuring safe delivery of anesthesia, prophylaxis against infection, effective teamwork, and other essential practices in surgery8. Information technology had consistently been identified as an important approach for health quality improvement. Computerized physician order entry (CPOE) can improve medication safety, reduce adverse drug reactions, reduce unnecessary variation in care, and improving efficiency of care9. Widespread use of Electronic health records can transform health care. Benefits of E.H.R are: accurate, up-to date, and complete information about patients, quick access to patient records for more coordinated and efficient care, more effective diagnosis, reduction in medical errors, and secure sharing of information10. One of the studies on EHR, Beacon implementation, done at Mount Sinai hospital in New York was successful. Dr. Adelson Said â€Å"The major takeaway from our Beacon implementation is the opportunity to continuously improve and update treatment plans based on published research and guidelines for all practitioners to follow. Ultimately, it allows us to provide higher quality, more comprehensive care to individuals by identifying the most appropriate treatment course while minimizing side effects.† 11 Conclusion: Quality of care has become an important issue with rising health care costs over past decade. Checklist method of WHO can reduce surgical complications and morbidity and help improving quality care. Effective use of COPE and EHR can overcome challenges in measurement of quality of care. Although costs of  CPOE and EHR are substantial in terms of technology, organizational process analysis, and system implementation, they can yield many significant benefits and provide important platform for future changes in healthcare quality and patient safety. Citations: 1) Landrigan, Temporal Trends in Rates of Patient Harm Resulting from Medical Care, the new England journal of medicine. 2) Kohn LT, Corrigan JM, Donaldson MS, eds. To err is human: building a safer Health system. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 1999. 3)http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nhqr08/Chap6.htm 4) http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nhqr11/nhqr11.pdf 5) http://www.ncvhs.hhs.gov/040531rp.pdf 6) http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=6418&page=19 7) Debas HT, Gosselin R, McCord C, Thind A. Surgery. In: Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, et al., eds. Disease control priorities in developing countries. 2nd ed. Disease Control Priorities Project. Washington, DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank, 2006:1245-60. 8) http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa0810119#t=article 9) http://www.leapfroggroup.org/media/file/Leapfrog-AHA_FAH_CPOE_Report.pdf 10) http://www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/faqs/what-are-advantages-electronic-health-records 11) http://www.equities.com/news/headline-story?dt=2012-12-03&val=782522&cat=hcare