'Dehydration and Gc Lab Report\r'

'Introduction In an E1 reaction, where E stands for settlement and 1 stands for uni groinecular. The breaking of the C-LV wed is completed in the beginning any reaction occurs between the base to overlook a hydrogen and melody the carbon-carbon double bond [1]. When the more substituted alkene is the dominant point of intersection, the reaction follows Zaitsevs chance. Zaitsevs rule states that the major intersection point of a ? -elimination reaction is the approximately stable alkene [1]. Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration is the elimination of a corpuscle of pissing from adjacent carbon atoms.An inebriant slew be converted to an alkene by dehydration, which is often brought on by heating the alcoholic drink with either 85% phosphoric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid [1]. The objective of this try out is to dehydrate 3-methyl-3-pentanol to obtain the product mixture of isomeric alkenes 3-methyl-2pentene and 2-ethyl-1-butene. Then use the tout chromatographicalal recordy t o separate the product mixture and analyze the topic [2]. [pic] [pic] [pic] human bodyure1: Table of Reagents abduce |Molecular Weight |Density |Melting dose |Boiling Point | |2-methylcyclohexnol |114. 19 g/mol |0. 921 g/cm3 |-9. 5oC |165oC | |Phosphoric Acid |98 g/mol |1. 88 g/cm3 |42. 35oC |158oC | |Calcium Chloride |110. 98 g/mol |2. 15 g/cm3 |772oC |1,935oC |Fig: The chart shows the reagents used in the laboratory experimentation and in constitution regarding the solvents. Experimental The experiment started by host the supplies for distillation. In the ampul, 2mL of 2-methylcyclohexanol and 1mL of phosphoric acid is added. The solvents are exhaustively mixed and a few boiling chips is added to process with the boil. The gritst maven bath is set up with the thermometer and the moxie entrust be heated up to 100oC and the vial containing the solvents leave be placed on the sand and let to boil. The process should take about 30 minutes to start boiling.A beaker with a flask go forth be covered in ice and the water would be sucked out with the Pasteur pipette. When the distillation process is completed, the distillated pellucid would be saved. CaCl2 would be added to the liquid to prevent vapor and allows distillate to dry over drying agent. Then the secondary container will be weighed empty, and then the container with the liquid will be weight. Results ****** I can’t shape out how to insert our graph. When I copy it my ready reckoner says it is too big to paste in a word document. So I’m acquittance to pret remove the graph is in this spot, and put the results of the graph under(a) here.Hopefully someone else in the group can use their computer to insert the graph or we can print it off and the graph will just have its own page. A assail chromatogram is a plot of a response against the safekeeping magazine. Chemical substances as bollix upes are retained on the liquid editorial (stationary phase) with a take to the woo ds gas being the carrier (mobile phase) through the column. At the end of the column is some means of detection. The peak lift or the peak stadium is used to quantitate the join of substance. The number of peaks can also help square wh ether or not one is dealing with a pure compound. point in condemnation one has a storage time of . 29 seconds and a peak area of 999. 00. Peak two was found to have a retention time of . 37 seconds and a peak area of 5067. 00. The percentage composition for peak one is 16. 46884% and the percent composition for peak two is 83. 53116%. The percent turn out is given by the ratio of the experimental cave in to the theoretical yield, which was found to be 52%. raillery All possible products were observed. Under kinetic control, a significant yield of 3-methlycyclohexane is expected when 2-methylcyclohexane is dehydrated.The kinetic product is known as Hofman product. The mechanism of this dehydration involves the formation of a tertiary carboca tion intermediate. The observed products do reward E1 mechanism. E1 mechanism indicates an elimination, unimolecular reaction, where rate = k [R-LG]. This implies that the rate find step of the mechanism depends on the decomposition of a single molecular species. The pathway involves two particular steps, which are the loss of the leaving group to yield a carbocation intermediate, then the loss of a proton from the carbocation to form a pi-bond.In this experiment the slow step in this elimination is the loss of a water molecule (the leaving group) from the oxonium ion to form the carbocation intermediate. This unimolecular rate-determining step makes this an E1 mechanism. The percent composition of a compound is a relative quantify of the mass of all(prenominal) different element bear in the compound. It gives the composition of the sample that was injected into the gas chromatograph, which finally helps determine alkene stability. In an error analytic thinking of this experiment, peak colonization is critical.In a good chromatographic insularism, the components of the sample are completely separated from each other in the chromatogram. Unfortunately, an incomplete separation of the components in a sample gives poor peak resolution and there is an overlap between adjacent peaks in the chromatogram. When the peaks in a chromatogram are poorly resolved, it is obligatory to adjust one or more of the separation parameters until service line resolution is obtained. Reference [1] Brown, William Henry. Organic Chemistry. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning, 2009. Print. Page 149-157 2] Hill, Richard K. , and John Barbaro. Experiments in Organic Chemistry. Raleigh, NC: Contemporary Pub. of Raleigh, 2005. Print. Page E8-13 to E8-15 Questions (T8-9) 1)     When peaks in the gas chromatograms are poorly separated, it is best to change one or more separation parameters so the baseline resolution is obtained. 2)      Benzene > o-xylene > p-xylene > toluene 3)     Cyclohexyl methyl ether would have a shorter retention time because of the ontogenesis in temperature. 4)     A. Retention will increase when the temperature column is ebbdB. When you increase the length of a column, the retention time would increase because of the longer distance traveled. C. Increasing flow rate of carrier gas will decrease the retention time 5)     105oC 6)     Little to no equipment failure of components in the sample will occur and indeed giving poor to no separation. 7)     29mm2, 210mm2, 136mm2 Mole %=(Area under individual Peaks)/( inwardness area under all the peaks) x 100% %=29mm/375mm x100%=7. 73% %=210mm/375mm x100%=56% %=136mm/375mm x100%=36. 27% Total area under peak= 29+210+136= 375mm\r\n'